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HomeWeb Front-endVue.jsTake you step by step to understand how to use filters in Vue? A brief analysis of 2 usages

Vue中怎么使用filters过滤器?本篇文章手把手带大家了解一下Vue中filters过滤器的用法,介绍filters过滤器的两种使用方法,希望对大家有所帮助!

Take you step by step to understand how to use filters in Vue? A brief analysis of 2 usages

Vue.js 允许我们自定义过滤器,可被用于一些常见的文本格式化。过滤器可以用在两个地方:双花括号({undefined{ }})插值和 v-bind 表达式 (后者从 2.1.0+ 开始支持)。过滤器应该被添加在 JavaScript 表达式的尾部,由“管道”符号指示。

<!-- 在双花括号中 -->
<div>{{ message | capitalize }}</div>
 
<!-- 在 `v-bind` 中 -->
<div v-bind:id="rawId | formatId"></div>

一、全局过滤器

定义一个全局过滤器很简单,只需要导出一个方法即可。

使用的时候很简单,只需要在入口文件全局引入此过滤器即可,使用 Vue.filter(key, value) 引入。

比如,Java后端返回的时间戳精确到秒,而JS中的时间戳是用毫秒表示,则可以定义一个转换时间戳的全局过滤器:

//main.js
import Vue from &#39;vue&#39;
Vue.filter(&#39;millisecond&#39;, (value) => {
  if (!value) return &#39;&#39;
  value = value.toString()
  return value.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + value.slice(1)
})

在需要使用的组件使用:

<div>{{1516101106 | millisecond}}</div>

全局过滤器之单一挂载

/**
 * dateTmp:要过滤的值
 * fmtTmp:传入的参数,可接收多个参数
 */
<template>
   <!-- 2021-12-20 19:14:18 -->
  <div>{{ 1639998858000 | dateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss") }}</div>
</template>
 
Vue.filter(&#39;dateFormat&#39;, function (dateTmp, fmtTmp) {
  let fmt = fmtTmp
  let date = dateTmp
 
  if (!fmt) {
    fmt = &#39;yyyy.MM.dd&#39;
  }
  if (!(date instanceof Date)) {
    date = new Date(date)
  }
  let o = {
    &#39;M+&#39;: date.getMonth() + 1, // 月份
    &#39;d+&#39;: date.getDate(), // 日
    &#39;h+&#39;: date.getHours() % 12 == 0 ? 12 : date.getHours() % 12, // 小时
    &#39;H+&#39;: date.getHours(), // 小时
    &#39;m+&#39;: date.getMinutes(), // 分
    &#39;s+&#39;: date.getSeconds(), // 秒
    &#39;q+&#39;: Math.floor((date.getMonth() + 3) / 3), // 季度
    &#39;S&#39;: date.getMilliseconds() // 毫秒
  }
  let week = {
    &#39;0&#39;: &#39;日&#39;,
    &#39;1&#39;: &#39;一&#39;,
    &#39;2&#39;: &#39;二&#39;,
    &#39;3&#39;: &#39;三&#39;,
    &#39;4&#39;: &#39;四&#39;,
    &#39;5&#39;: &#39;五&#39;,
    &#39;6&#39;: &#39;六&#39;
  }
 
  if (/(y+)/.test(fmt)) {
    fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (date.getFullYear() + &#39;&#39;).substr(4 - RegExp.$1.length))
  }
  if (/(E+)/.test(fmt)) {
    fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, ((RegExp.$1.length > 1) ? (RegExp.$1.length > 2 ? &#39;星期&#39; : &#39;周&#39;) : &#39;&#39;) + week[date.getDay() + &#39;&#39;])
  }
  for (var k in o) {
    if (new RegExp(&#39;(&#39; + k + &#39;)&#39;).test(fmt)) {
      fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (RegExp.$1.length == 1) ? (o[k]) : ((&#39;00&#39; + o[k]).substr((&#39;&#39; + o[k]).length)))
    }
  }
  return fmt
});

全局过滤器之批量挂载

//定义方法
//filters.js
export function slice (temp,num) {
    return temp.slice(0,num);
}
//挂载
//main.js
import * as filters from &#39;@/assets/js/filters&#39;;
 
Object.keys(filters).forEach(key => {
    Vue.filter(key, filters[key]);
});
//调用
<!-- 1234 -->
<div>{{ &#39;123456&#39; | slice(4) }} </div>

二、组件过滤器

组件过滤器更简单,只需在对应组件中定义 filters 即可,不过只针对本组件有效。

比如定义一个首字母大写的过滤器:

//定义方法
export default {
  filters: {
    capitalize: function (value) {
      if (!value) return &#39;&#39;
      value = value.toString()
      return value.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + value.slice(1)
    }
  }
}

例子例子

<template>
  <!-- 我要被过... -->
  <div>{{ msg | setSize }}</div>
</template>
 
<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      msg: "我要被过滤",
    };
  },
  filters: {
    setSize(value) {
      if (value.length > 4) {
        return value.splice(0, 4) + "...";
      } else {
        return value;
      }
    },
  },
};
</script>

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