Interviewer: List several implementation methods of PHP expansion and compare their performance?

About several implementation methods of PHP extension

1.php native extension development c language, note: [ext_skel.php] script creation

2.zephir

3.php-cpp

4.php-x

5.cgo

• Encapsulation zendapi mode

• CGO nests C and GO codes, and uses GO to compile the PHP extension skeleton and the specific implementation of GO

, etc. . . Not limited to the above methods.

Focus on [zephir, cgo, PHP enable JIT] 4 modes, and use the Fibonacci sequence calculation performance to check the running effect.

zephir code generation extension

//Main 类
final class Zimuge
{
  public static function calcFibonacci(int i){
      if (i < 2) {
          return i;
      }
      return self::calcFibonacci(i - 1) + self::calcFibonacci(i - 2);
  }

编译安装
zephir build

cgo code generation extension

package main
/*
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
#include "php.h"
#include "php_ini.h"
#include "ext/standard/info.h"
static int le_go2php;
PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(go2php)
{
    return SUCCESS;
}
PHP_MSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(go2php)
{
    return SUCCESS;
}
PHP_RINIT_FUNCTION(go2php)
{
    return SUCCESS;
}
PHP_RSHUTDOWN_FUNCTION(go2php)
{
    return SUCCESS;
}
PHP_MINFO_FUNCTION(go2php)
{
    php_info_print_table_start();
    php_info_print_table_header(2, "go2php support", "enabled");
    php_info_print_table_end();
}
PHP_FUNCTION(go2php_print)
{
    zend_long a,b;
    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
        Z_PARAM_LONG(a)
    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();
    b = calcFib(a);
    RETURN_LONG(b);
}
ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO(null, 0)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()
const zend_function_entry go2php_functions[] = {
    PHP_FE(go2php_print, null)
    PHP_FE_END
};
zend_module_entry go2php_module_entry = {
    STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
    "go2php",
    go2php_functions,
    PHP_MINIT(go2php),
    PHP_MSHUTDOWN(go2php),
    PHP_RINIT(go2php),
    PHP_RSHUTDOWN(go2php),
    PHP_MINFO(go2php),
    "0.1.0",
    STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};
#ifdef COMPILE_DL_GO2PHP
ZEND_GET_MODULE(go2php)
#endif
*/
import "C"
func main() {}

package main
import "C"
//export calcFib
func calcFib(i int) int {
    if i < 2 {
        return i
    }
    return calcFib(i-1)+calcFib(i-2)
}

Compile & Link

CGO_CFLAGS="-g \
-I`/root/download/php8/bin/php-config --include-dir` \
-I`/root/download/php8/bin/php-config --include-dir`/main \
-I`/root/download/php8/bin/php-config --include-dir`/TSRM \
-I`/root/download/php8/bin/php-config --include-dir`/Zend \
-I`/root/download/php8/bin/php-config --include-dir`/ext \
-I`/root/download/php8/bin/php-config --include-dir`/ext/date/lib \
-DHAVE_CONFIG_H" CGO_LDFLAGS="-Wl,--export-dynamic -Wl,--unresolved-symbols=ignore-all" go build -p 1 -gcflags "-l" -buildmode=c-shared -o go2php.so

Testing php script code

<?php
const COUNT = 30;
function calcFibonacci(int $i): int {
    if ($i < 2) {
        return $i;
    }
    return calcFibonacci($i - 1) + calcFibonacci($i - 2);
}
// CGO 速度
$startTime = microtime(true);
for($i = 1; $i <= COUNT; $i++) {
    if($i != COUNT) {
        go2php_print($i);
    }else {
        echo go2php_print($i)."\n";
    }
}
$time = microtime(true) - $startTime;
echo "CGO: {$time} 秒\n";
//zephir 速度
$startTime = microtime(true);
for($i = 1; $i <= COUNT; $i++) {
    if($i != COUNT) {
        Lsz\Zimuge::calcFibonacci($i);
    }else {
        echo Lsz\Zimuge::calcFibonacci($i)."\n";
    }
}
$time = microtime(true) - $startTime;
echo "zephir: {$time} 秒\n";
// PHP JIT 速度
$startTime = microtime(true);
for($i = 1; $i <= COUNT; $i++) {
    if($i != COUNT) {
        calcFibonacci($i);
    }else {
        echo calcFibonacci($i)."\n";
    }
}
$time = microtime(true) - $startTime;
echo "PHP: {$time} 秒\n";

Testing without using PHP JIT

php test.php
->执行结果取一个平均
832040
CGO: 0.059875011444092 秒
832040
zephir: 8.5679790973663 秒
832040
PHP: 0.75995492935181 秒

Testing without using PHP JIT

php -dopcache.enable_cli=1 -dopcache.jit_buffer_size=100M test.php 
->执行结果取一个平均
832040
CGO: 0.046900987625122 秒
832040
zephir: 5.5882248878479 秒
832040
PHP: 0.10621190071106 秒

The so files compiled by cgo and zephir are imported through php.ini

To execute the test script, you need to ensure that so is read in correctly.

Command php -m or php --ri xx.so to confirm.

[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
FFI
fileinfo
filter
gd
go2php
hash
iconv
json
libxml
lsz
mbstring
mysqlnd
openssl
pcre
PDO
pdo_mysql
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
redis
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
SPL
sqlite3
standard
swoole
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
yaf
Zend OPcache
zephir_parser
zimuge
[Zend Modules]
Zend OPcache

Use PHP version

php -v
PHP 8.1.3 (cli) (built: Feb 27 2022 19:40:08) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.1.3, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.1.3, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Conclusion:

JIT can improve the performance of PHP.

If you want to learn go but don’t want to give up php, you can play CGO.

zephir Although the computing performance is not very good, writing PHP extensions is relatively simple to implement.

Recommended learning: "PHP Video Tutorial"

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