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A brief analysis of responsive forms in angular learning

青灯夜游
青灯夜游forward
2022-03-24 11:09:321956browse

This article will take you to continue learning angular, learn about the responsive form in angular, and introduce the relevant knowledge of global registration of the responsive form module and adding basic form controls. I hope it will be useful to everyone. help!

A brief analysis of responsive forms in angular learning

Responsive Forms

Angular provides two different ways to handle user input through forms: Responsive Forms andTemplate driven form. [Related tutorial recommendations: "angular tutorial"]

  • Responsive form: Provides direct and explicit access to the underlying form object model. They are more robust than template-driven forms. If forms are a key part of your app, or you're already building your app using reactive forms, use reactive forms.
  • Template-driven forms: rely on instructions in templates to create and operate the underlying object model. They are useful for adding a simple form to your app, such as an email list signup form.

Only responsive forms are introduced here. For template-driven forms, please refer to the official website:

https://angular.cn/guide/forms-overview#setup-in- template-driven-forms

Globally register the responsive form module ReactiveFormsModule

To use the responsive form control, you need to download it from @angular/forms Import the ReactiveFormsModule package and add it to the imports array of your NgModule. As follows: app.module.ts

/***** app.module.ts *****/
import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    // other imports ...
    ReactiveFormsModule
  ],
})
export class AppModule { }

Add basic form control FormControl

There are three steps to use form control.

  • Register the reactive form module in your application. This module declares some directives that you want to use in reactive forms.

  • Generate a new FormControl instance and save it in the component.

  • Register this FormControl in the template.

To register a form control, import the FormControl class and create a new instance of FormControl, and save it as a property of the class . As follows: test.component.ts

/***** test.component.ts *****/
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl } from '@angular/forms';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-name-editor',
  templateUrl: './name-editor.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./name-editor.component.css']
})
export class TestComponent {
	// 可以在 FormControl 的构造函数设置初始值，这个例子中它是空字符串
  name = new FormControl('');
}

Then register the control in the template as follows: test.component.html

<!-- test.component.html -->
<label>
  Name: <input type="text" [formControl]="name">
</label>
<!-- input 中输入的值变化的话，这里显示的值也会跟着变化 -->
<p>name: {{ name.value }}</p>
## For other properties and methods of

#FormControl, please refer to the API Reference Manual.

https://angular.cn/api/forms/FormControl#formcontrol

Group form controls into FormGroup

Like# Just as an instance of ##FormControl

allows you to control the control corresponding to a single input box, an instance of FormGroup can also track a group of FormControl instances (such as a form). state. When a FormGroup is created, each control in it is tracked by its name. Look at the following example demonstration:

test.component.ts

、test.component.html<pre class="brush:js;toolbar:false;">import { Component } from &amp;#39;@angular/core&amp;#39;; import { FormControl, FormGroup, Validators } from &amp;#39;@angular/forms&amp;#39; @Component({ selector: &amp;#39;app-test&amp;#39;, templateUrl: &amp;#39;./test.component.html&amp;#39;, styleUrls: [&amp;#39;./test.component.css&amp;#39;] }) export class TestComponent implements OnInit { constructor() {} profileForm = new FormGroup({ firstName: new FormControl(&amp;#39;&amp;#39;, [Validators.required,Validators.pattern(&amp;#39;[a-zA-Z0-9]*&amp;#39;)]), lastName: new FormControl(&amp;#39;&amp;#39;, Validators.required), }); onSubmit() { // 查看控件组各字段的值 console.log(this.profileForm.value) } }</pre>rrree

FormGroup

For other properties and methods, see API Reference Manual. https://angular.cn/api/forms/FormGroup#formgroup

Use the simpler FormBuilder service to generate control instances

In responsive forms, when you need to deal with multiple forms, it will be very tedious to manually create multiple form control instances.

FormBuilder

The service provides some convenient methods to generate form controls. FormBuilderThe same way behind the scenes is used to create and return these instances, it's just simpler to use.

FormBuilder

is an injectable service provider provided by ReactiveFormModule. This dependency can be injected by simply adding it to the component's constructor.

FormBuilder

The service has three methods: control(), group() and array() . These methods are factory methods used to generate FormControl, FormGroup and FormArray respectively in the component class.

Look at the following example demonstration:
test.component.ts

<pre class="brush:js;toolbar:false;">&lt;!-- profileForm 这个 FormGroup 通过 FormGroup 指令绑定到了 form 元素，在该模型和表单中的输入框之间创建了一个通讯层 --&gt; &lt;!-- FormGroup 指令还会监听 form 元素发出的 submit 事件，并发出一个 ngSubmit 事件，让你可以绑定一个回调函数。 --&gt; &lt;form [formGroup]=&quot;profileForm&quot; (ngSubmit)=&quot;onSubmit()&quot;&gt; &lt;label&gt; &lt;!-- 由 FormControlName 指令把每个输入框和 FormGroup 中定义的表单控件 FormControl 绑定起来。这些表单控件会和相应的元素通讯 --&gt; First Name: &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; formControlName=&quot;firstName&quot;&gt; &lt;/label&gt; &lt;label&gt; Last Name: &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; formControlName=&quot;lastName&quot;&gt; &lt;/label&gt; &lt;button type=&quot;submit&quot; [disabled]=&quot;!profileForm.valid&quot;&gt;Submit&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/form&gt; &lt;p&gt;{{ profileForm.value }}&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- 控件组的状态： INVALID 或 VALID --&gt; &lt;p&gt;{{ profileForm.status }}&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- 控件组输入的值是否为有效值： true 或 false--&gt; &lt;p&gt;{{ profileForm.valid }}&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- 是否禁用： true 或 false--&gt; &lt;p&gt;{{ profileForm.disabled }}&lt;/p&gt;</pre> Comparison can be found that using the

FormBuilder

service can more conveniently generate FormControl, FormGroup and FormArray instead of having to manually new a new instance every time.

Form ValidatorsValidators

Validators

For a complete API list of class validators, refer to the API Manualhttps://angular.cn/api/forms/Validators

The validator (
Validators

) function can be a synchronous function or an asynchronous function. <ul> <li>同步验证器：这些同步函数接受一个控件实例，然后返回一组验证错误或 null。你可以在实例化一个 <code>FormControl 时把它作为构造函数的第二个参数传进去。

  • 异步验证器 ：这些异步函数接受一个控件实例并返回一个 Promise 或 Observable，它稍后会发出一组验证错误或 null。在实例化 FormControl 时，可以把它们作为第三个参数传入。

    • 出于性能方面的考虑，只有在所有同步验证器都通过之后，Angular 才会运行异步验证器。当每一个异步验证器都执行完之后，才会设置这些验证错误。

    验证器Validators类的API

    https://angular.cn/api/forms/Validators

    class Validators {
  static min(min: number): ValidatorFn		// 允许输入的最小数值
  static max(max: number): ValidatorFn		// 最大数值
  static required(control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null	// 是否必填
  static requiredTrue(control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null
  static email(control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null	// 是否为邮箱格式
  static minLength(minLength: number): ValidatorFn		// 最小长度
  static maxLength(maxLength: number): ValidatorFn		// 最大长度
  static pattern(pattern: string | RegExp): ValidatorFn	// 正则匹配
  static nullValidator(control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null	// 什么也不做
  static compose(validators: ValidatorFn[]): ValidatorFn | null
  static composeAsync(validators: AsyncValidatorFn[]): AsyncValidatorFn | null
}

    内置验证器函数

    要使用内置验证器，可以在实例化FormControl控件的时候添加

    import { Validators } from &#39;@angular/forms&#39;;
...
ngOnInit(): void {
  this.heroForm = new FormGroup({
  // 实例化 FormControl 控件
    name: new FormControl(this.hero.name, [
      Validators.required,	// 验证，必填
      Validators.minLength(4),	// 长度不小于4
      forbiddenNameValidator(/bob/i) // 自定义验证器
    ]),
    alterEgo: new FormControl(this.hero.alterEgo),
    power: new FormControl(this.hero.power, Validators.required)
  });
}
get name() { return this.heroForm.get(&#39;name&#39;); }

get power() { return this.heroForm.get(&#39;power&#39;); }

    自定义验证器

    自定义验证器的内容请参考API手册

    https://angular.cn/guide/form-validation

    有时候内置的验证器并不能很好的满足需求，比如，我们需要对一个表单进行验证，要求输入的值只能为某一个数组中的值，而这个数组中的值是随程序运行实时改变的，这个时候内置的验证器就无法满足这个需求，需要创建自定义验证器。

    • 在响应式表单中添加自定义验证器。在上面内置验证器一节中有一个forbiddenNameValidator函数如下：

      import { Validators } from &#39;@angular/forms&#39;;
...
ngOnInit(): void {
  this.heroForm = new FormGroup({
    name: new FormControl(this.hero.name, [
      Validators.required,
      Validators.minLength(4),
      // 1、添加自定义验证器
      forbiddenNameValidator(/bob/i)
    ])
  });
}
// 2、实现自定义验证器，功能为禁止输入带有 bob 字符串的值
export function forbiddenNameValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn {
  return (control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null => {
    const forbidden = nameRe.test(control.value);
    // 3、在值有效时返回 null，或无效时返回验证错误对象
    return forbidden ? {forbiddenName: {value: control.value}} : null;
  };
}

      验证器在值有效时返回 null，或无效时返回验证错误对象。 验证错误对象通常有一个名为验证秘钥（forbiddenName）的属性。其值为一个任意词典，你可以用来插入错误信息（{name}）。

    • 在模板驱动表单中添加自定义验证器。要为模板添加一个指令，该指令包含了 validator 函数。同时，该指令需要把自己注册成为NG_VALIDATORS的提供者。如下所示：

      // 1、导入相关类
import { NG_VALIDATORS, Validator, AbstractControl, ValidationErrors } from &#39;@angular/forms&#39;;
import { Input } from &#39;@angular/core&#39;

@Directive({
  selector: &#39;[appForbiddenName]&#39;,
  // 2、注册成为 NG_VALIDATORS 令牌的提供者
  providers: [{provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useExisting: ForbiddenValidatorDirective, multi: true}]
})
export class ForbiddenValidatorDirective implements Validator {
  @Input(&#39;appForbiddenName&#39;) forbiddenName = &#39;&#39;;
  // 3、实现 validator 接口，即实现 validate 函数
  validate(control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null {
  	// 在值有效时返回 null，或无效时返回验证错误对象
    return this.forbiddenName ? forbiddenNameValidator(new RegExp(this.forbiddenName, &#39;i&#39;))(control)
                              : null;
  }
}
// 4、自定义验证函数
export function forbiddenNameValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn {
  return (control: AbstractControl): ValidationErrors | null => {
    const forbidden = nameRe.test(control.value);
    // 3、在值有效时返回 null，或无效时返回验证错误对象
    return forbidden ? {forbiddenName: {value: control.value}} : null;
  };
}

      注意，自定义验证指令是用 useExisting 而不是 useClass 来实例化的。如果用useClass来代替 useExisting，就会注册一个新的类实例，而它是没有forbiddenName 的。

      <input type="text" required appForbiddenName="bob" [(ngModel)]="hero.name">

    更多编程相关知识，请访问：编程入门！！

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