Let's talk about the difference between typeof and instanceof
typeof和instanceof操作符都可用来判断数据类型,那么它们之间有什么差异?下面本篇文章就来带大家了解 typeof 和 instanceof ,聊聊它们的区别,希望对大家有所帮助!
typeof
和instanceof
操作符都是用来判断数据类型的,但是它们的使用场景却各不相同,其中一些细节也需要特别注意。接下来让我们一探究竟,彻底掌握该知识点,再也不惧面试官的提问。
typeof
typeof
是一个一元运算符,放在一个运算数前面,这个运算数可以是任何类型。它返回一个字符串,说明运算数的类型。请看栗子:
const type = typeof '中国万岁'; // string typeof 666; // number typeof true; // boolean typeof undefined; // undefined typeof Symbol(); // symbol typeof 1n; // bigint typeof () => {}; // function typeof []; // object typeof {}; // object typeof new String('xxx'); // object typeof null; // object
通过以上例子可以看出,typeof
只能准确判断基本数据类型和函数(函数其实是对象,并不属于另一种数据类型,但也能够使用 typeof 进行区分),无法精确判断出引用数据类型(统统返回 object)。
有一点需要注意,调用typeof null
返回的是object
,这是因为特殊值null
被认为是一个对空对象的引用(也叫空对象指针)。
如果想准确判断引用数据类型,可以用instanceof
运算符。
instanceof
instanceof
运算符放在一个运算数的后面,给定对象的前面。它返回一个布尔值,说明运算数是否是给定对象的实例:
const result = [] instanceof Array; // true const Person = function() {}; const p = new Person(); p instanceof Person; // true const message = new String('xxx'); message instanceof String; // true
区别
typeof 会返回一个运算数的基本类型,instanceof 返回的是布尔值
instanceof 可以准确判断引用数据类型,但是不能正确判断基本数据类型
typeof 虽然可以判断基本数据类型(null 除外),但是无法判断引用数据类型(function 除外)
扩展
Object.prototype.toString.call()
typeof
和instanceof
都有一定的弊端,并不能满足所有场景的需求。如果需要通用检测数据类型,可以使用Object.prototype.toString.call()
方法:
Object.prototype.toString.call({}); // "[object Object]" Object.prototype.toString.call([]); // "[object Array]" Object.prototype.toString.call(666); // "[object Number]" Object.prototype.toString.call('xxx'); // "[object String]"
注意,该方法返回的是一个格式为"[object Object]"
的字符串。
封装函数
为了更方便的使用,我们可以将这个方法进行封装:
function getType(value) { let type = typeof value; if (type !== 'object') { // 如果是基本数据类型,直接返回 return type; } // 如果是引用数据类型,再进一步判断,正则返回结果 return Object.prototype.toString.call(value).replace(/^\[object (\S+)\]$/, '$1'); } getType(123); // number getType('xxx'); // string getType(() => {}); // function getType([]); // Array getType({}); // Object getType(null); // Null
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