What are the computer's size, storage capacity, and input and output capabilities?

The size, storage capacity, and input and output capabilities of a computer belong to the "computer's scale and processing capabilities." According to the performance, scale and processing power of the computer, computers can be divided into supercomputers, large general-purpose computers, microcomputers, workstations, servers, etc.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Computer, commonly known as computer, is a modern electronic computing machine used for high-speed calculations. It can perform numerical calculations, logical calculations, and also has storage and memory functions. It is a modern intelligent electronic device that can run according to the program and process massive data automatically and at high speed.

The size, storage capacity, and input and output capabilities of a computer belong to the "size and processing capabilities of the computer."

Classification of computers

(1) According to the type of data processed by computers, they can be divided into: analog computers, digital computers, digital and analog computers.

(2) According to the purpose of computers, they can be divided into: general-purpose computers and special-purpose computers.

(3) Computers can be divided into supercomputers, large general-purpose computers, microcomputers, workstations, servers, etc. according to their performance, scale and processing capabilities.

• Five major categories: supercomputer, large and medium-sized computer, minicomputer, microcomputer, workstation and server

• Supercomputer: It is a super large computer Electronic computers have strong capabilities of computing and processing data. They are mainly characterized by high speed and large capacity. They are equipped with a variety of external and peripheral devices and rich, high-function software systems.

• Minicomputer: refers to a high-performance 64-bit computer using a reduced instruction set processor, with performance and price between PC servers and mainframes.

• Microcomputer: A small electronic computer composed of large-scale integrated circuits. It is a bare metal based on a microprocessor, equipped with internal memory, input and output interface circuits and corresponding auxiliary circuits.

• Workstations and servers: A workstation is a high-end general-purpose microcomputer with powerful performance in terms of graphics processing capabilities and task parallelism. Computers that are usually equipped with high-resolution large screens, multi-screen displays, large-capacity internal memory and external memory, and have extremely strong information and high-performance graphics and image processing functions; servers, also called servers, are computers that provide Computing service equipment can be divided into file servers, database servers, application servers, WEB servers, etc.

Composition of microcomputer

1. Central processing unit

Composition: arithmetic unit, controller, several registers and cache.

Performance indicators: directly determines the performance, word length and clock frequency of the entire machine.

2. Memory

Classification: main memory and auxiliary memory

(1) Main memory (placed inside the host, used to store currently running programs and data. )

1) Internal memory

a, random access memory (RAM)

RAM is the main storage area of ​​the PC; it allows reading and writing data;

It is volatile memory.

b. Read-only memory (ROM)

It contains programs and data that can be accessed and read but cannot be modified;

It is non-volatile memory.

2) Cache (Cache)

is used to temporarily store frequently used information to speed up access;

Level 1 Cache: Cache inside the CPU

Level 2 Cache: Cache external to the CPU

Level 3 Cache: used by the motherboard

(2) Auxiliary memory (external memory)

1)Hard disk

2) Mobile storage products

USB mobile hard disk

USB flash drive

CD

a, read-only optical disk CD-ROM

b, write-once CD-R

c, rewritable CD-RW

d, DVD disc

3, bus

ISA bus

PCI bus

AGP bus

EISA bus

4, input device

Mouse, keyboard, etc.

5. Output device

Monitor

(1) Category: cathode ray tube display (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD)

(2) Performance:

Pixels and dot pitch

Resolution: Number of pixels on the entire screen = columns*rows

Display memory (referred to as video memory)

Monitor Size: measured by the diagonal of the display screen

Printer

(1) Classification

Dot Matrix Printer

Inkjet Printer

Laser printer

6. Main technical indicators of microcomputer

(1) Word length: The number of bits of binary data that the CPU can process simultaneously at one time.

(2) Clock frequency: refers to the clock frequency of the CPU, in GHz.

(3) Operation speed: refers to the number of addition instructions that can be executed per second, commonly expressed as MIPS.

(4) Storage capacity: mainly refers to the storage capacity of the memory.

(5) Access cycle: refers to the time required for the CPU to access data from the internal memory.

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