


linux查看有哪些用户的方法:1、执行“cat /etc/passwd”命令,打印用户列表信息;2、执行“getent passwd”命令,打印用户列表信息;3、执行“compgen -u”命令,打印用户名列表信息。
本教程操作环境:linux5.9.8系统、Dell G3电脑。
方法 1 :打印 /etc/passwd
文件
使用任何一个像 cat、more、less 等文件操作命令来打印 Linux 系统上创建的用户列表。
/etc/passwd
是一个文本文件,其中包含了登录 Linux 系统所必需的每个用户的信息。它保存用户的有用信息,如用户名、密码、用户 ID、群组 ID、用户 ID 信息、用户的家目录和 Shell 。
/etc/passwd
文件将每个用户的详细信息写为一行,其中包含七个字段,每个字段之间用冒号 :
分隔:
# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin 2gadmin:x:500:10::/home/viadmin:/bin/bash apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin zabbix:x:498:499:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:497:502::/home/mysql:/bin/bash zend:x:502:503::/u01/zend/zend/gui/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin 2daygeek:x:503:504::/home/2daygeek:/bin/bash named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin mageshm:x:506:507:2g Admin - Magesh M:/home/mageshm:/bin/bash
7 个字段的详细信息如下:
用户名 (
magesh
): 已创建用户的用户名,字符长度 1 个到 12 个字符。密码(
x
):代表加密密码保存在 `/etc/shadow 文件中。**用户 ID(
506
):代表用户的 ID 号,每个用户都要有一个唯一的 ID 。UID 号为 0 的是为 root 用户保留的,UID 号 1 到 99 是为系统用户保留的,UID 号 100-999 是为系统账户和群组保留的。**群组 ID (
507
):代表群组的 ID 号,每个群组都要有一个唯一的 GID ,保存在 /etc/group文件中。**用户信息(
2g Admin - Magesh M
):代表描述字段,可以用来描述用户的信息(LCTT 译注:此处原文疑有误)。**家目录(
/home/mageshm
):代表用户的家目录。**Shell(
/bin/bash
):代表用户使用的 shell 类型。
你可以使用 awk 或 cut 命令仅打印出 Linux 系统中所有用户的用户名列表。显示的结果是相同的。
# awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd or # cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail ftp postfix sshd tcpdump 2gadmin apache zabbix mysql zend rpc 2daygeek named mageshm
方法 2 :使用 getent
命令
getent
命令显示 Name Service Switch 库支持的数据库中的条目。这些库的配置文件为 /etc/nsswitch.conf
。
getent
命令显示类似于 /etc/passwd
文件的用户详细信息,它将每个用户详细信息显示为包含七个字段的单行。
# getent passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin 2gadmin:x:500:10::/home/viadmin:/bin/bash apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin zabbix:x:498:499:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:497:502::/home/mysql:/bin/bash zend:x:502:503::/u01/zend/zend/gui/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin 2daygeek:x:503:504::/home/2daygeek:/bin/bash named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin mageshm:x:506:507:2g Admin - Magesh M:/home/mageshm:/bin/bash
7 个字段的详细信息如上所述。(LCTT 译注:此处内容重复,删节)
你同样可以使用 awk 或 cut 命令仅打印出 Linux 系统中所有用户的用户名列表。显示的结果是相同的。
方法 3 :使用 compgen
命令
compgen
是 bash 的内置命令,它将显示所有可用的命令,别名和函数。
# compgen -u root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail ftp postfix sshd tcpdump 2gadmin apache zabbix mysql zend rpc 2daygeek named mageshm
相关推荐:《Linux视频教程》
The above is the detailed content of How to check which users are there in Linux. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

The five core elements of Linux are: 1. Kernel, 2. Command line interface, 3. File system, 4. Package management, 5. Community and open source. Together, these elements define the nature and functionality of Linux.

Linux user management and security can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Create users and groups, using commands such as sudouseradd-m-gdevelopers-s/bin/bashjohn. 2. Bulkly create users and set password policies, using the for loop and chpasswd commands. 3. Check and fix common errors, home directory and shell settings. 4. Implement best practices such as strong cryptographic policies, regular audits and the principle of minimum authority. 5. Optimize performance, use sudo and adjust PAM module configuration. Through these methods, users can be effectively managed and system security can be improved.

The core operations of Linux file system and process management include file system management and process control. 1) File system operations include creating, deleting, copying and moving files or directories, using commands such as mkdir, rmdir, cp and mv. 2) Process management involves starting, monitoring and killing processes, using commands such as ./my_script.sh&, top and kill.

Shell scripts are powerful tools for automated execution of commands in Linux systems. 1) The shell script executes commands line by line through the interpreter to process variable substitution and conditional judgment. 2) The basic usage includes backup operations, such as using the tar command to back up the directory. 3) Advanced usage involves the use of functions and case statements to manage services. 4) Debugging skills include using set-x to enable debugging mode and set-e to exit when the command fails. 5) Performance optimization is recommended to avoid subshells, use arrays and optimization loops.

Linux is a Unix-based multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that emphasizes simplicity, modularity and openness. Its core functions include: file system: organized in a tree structure, supports multiple file systems such as ext4, XFS, Btrfs, and use df-T to view file system types. Process management: View the process through the ps command, manage the process using PID, involving priority settings and signal processing. Network configuration: Flexible setting of IP addresses and managing network services, and use sudoipaddradd to configure IP. These features are applied in real-life operations through basic commands and advanced script automation, improving efficiency and reducing errors.

The methods to enter Linux maintenance mode include: 1. Edit the GRUB configuration file, add "single" or "1" parameters and update the GRUB configuration; 2. Edit the startup parameters in the GRUB menu, add "single" or "1". Exit maintenance mode only requires restarting the system. With these steps, you can quickly enter maintenance mode when needed and exit safely, ensuring system stability and security.

The core components of Linux include kernel, shell, file system, process management and memory management. 1) Kernel management system resources, 2) shell provides user interaction interface, 3) file system supports multiple formats, 4) Process management is implemented through system calls such as fork, and 5) memory management uses virtual memory technology.

The core components of the Linux system include the kernel, file system, and user space. 1. The kernel manages hardware resources and provides basic services. 2. The file system is responsible for data storage and organization. 3. Run user programs and services in the user space.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.
