在javascript中,标识符是指用户编程时使用的名字,用于给变量、常量、函数、语句块等命名,以建立起名称与使用之间的关系;标识符通常由字母和数字以及其它字符构成。合法的标识符其第一个字符必须是字母、下划线或美元符号;且不能与JavaScript关键字、保留字重名。
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、javascript1.8.5版、Dell G3电脑
javascript标识符
标识符(Identifier)就是名称的专业术语。JavaScript 标识符包括变量名、函数名、参数名和属性名。
标识符是用户编程时使用的名字,用于给变量、常量、函数、语句块等命名,以建立起名称与使用之间的关系。标识符通常由字母和数字以及其它字符构成。
合法的标识符应该注意以下强制规则:
-
第一个字符必须是字母、下划线(_)或美元符号($)。
除了第一个字符外,其他位置可以使用 Unicode 字符。一般建议仅使用 ASCII 编码的字母,不建议使用双字节的字符。
-
不能与 JavaScript 关键字、保留字重名。
可以使用 Unicode 转义序列。例如,字符 a 可以使用“\u0061”表示。
示例
在下面示例中,定义变量 a,使用 Unicode 转义序列表示变量名。
var \u0061 = "字符 a 的 Unicode 转义序列是 \\0061"; document.write(\u0061);
使用转义序列不是很方便,一般常用转义序列表示特殊字符或名称,如 JavaScript 关键字、程序脚本等。
关键字
关键字就是 ECMA-262 规定的 JavaScript 语言内部使用的一组名称(或称为命令)。这些名称具有特定的用途,用户不能自定义同名的标识符。具体说明如表所示。
break | delete | if | this | while |
case | do | in | throw | with |
catch | else | instanceof | try | |
continue | finally | new | typeof | |
debugger(ECMAScript 5 新增) | for | return | var | |
default | function | switch | void |
Reserved words
Reserved words are a set of names (or commands) prepared for use within the JavaScript language specified by ECMA-262. These names currently have no specific purpose and are reserved for JavaScript upgrade versions. Users are advised not to use them. Specific instructions are shown in the table.
abstract | double | goto | native | static |
boolean | enum | implements | package | super |
byte | export | import | private | synchronized |
char | extends | int | protected | throws |
class | final | interface | public | transient |
const | float | long | short | volatile |
ECMAScript 3 lists all Java keywords as reserved words, while ECMAScript 5 has more flexible regulations.
For example, in non-strict mode, only class, const, enums, export, extends, import, and super are reserved words, and other ECMAScript 3 reserved words can be used freely; in strict mode, ECMAScript 5 becomes Be more cautious and strictly limit the use of implements, interface, let, package, private, protected, public, static, yield, eval (non-reserved words), and arguments (non-reserved words).
JavaScript predefines many global variables and functions, and users should avoid using them. Specific instructions are shown in the table.
arguments | encodeURL | Infinity | Number | RegExp |
encodeURLComponent | isFinite | Object | String | |
Error | isNaN | parseFloat | SyntaxError | |
eval | JSON | parseInt | TypeError | |
EvalError | Math | RangeError | undefined | |
Function | NaN | ReferenceError | URLError |
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