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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialHow to implement download function in php

php实现下载功能的方法:首先将文件下载请求映射到后端程序url;然后编写具体的文件下载逻辑;最后将文件路径转换成gbk编码即可实现下载文件功能。

How to implement download function in php

本文操作环境:Windows7系统、PHP7.1版,DELL G3电脑

php实现文件下载功能(支持中文)

问题说明

文件下载,通常有一种最为简单的方法,那就是将url直接指向服务器上文件的所在位置。但是这个方法存在很大的安全隐患。

1.暴露了服务器文件目录结构

2.无法禁止非法请求来源,无法对文件下载请求做安全验证

解决方案

一、将文件下载请求映射到后端程序url

借助http服务器(apache/nginx)实现映射功能

这里以apache为例进行说明
借助apache的rewrite模块,配置rewrite规则。(关于如何开启rewrite模块,网上很多资源,这里不再赘诉)
在项目根目录下创建.htaccess文件,写入rewrite规则

RewriteEngine on
#将所有以rar/zip结尾的url,映射给download.php文件
RewriteRule (.*\.(rar|zip))$ download.php?file=$1 [NC]

将所有以rar/zip结尾的url,映射给download.php文件(这里为了方便直接映射到了一个php脚本中,如果是使用框架,那就映射到具体的控制器中的某个方法!例如:index.php?c=home&a=download)

二、编写具体的文件下载逻辑

项目目录

以本地项目为例,用户需要下载的zip文件,放在当前项目的temp目录下
How to implement download function in php

示例

直接上代码,代码中有详细注释

<?php //接收需要下载的文件名称
if(!isset($_GET[&#39;file&#39;])) exit(&#39;Filename is empty&#39;);
if(empty($_GET[&#39;file&#39;])) exit(&#39;Filename not valid&#39;);
ob_clean();//清除一下缓冲区
//获得文件名称
$filename = basename(urldecode($_GET[&#39;file&#39;]));
//文件完整路径(这里将真实的文件存放在temp目录下)
$filePath = __DIR__."/temp/".$filename;
//将utf8编码转换成gbk编码,否则,文件中文名称的文件无法打开
$filePath = iconv(&#39;UTF-8&#39;,&#39;gbk&#39;,$filePath);
//检查文件是否可读
if(!is_file($filePath) || !is_readable($filePath)) exit(&#39;Can not access file &#39;.$filename);
/**
 * 这里应该加上安全验证之类的代码,例如:检测请求来源、验证UA标识等等
 */
//以只读方式打开文件,并强制使用二进制模式
$fileHandle=fopen($filePath,"rb");
if($fileHandle===false){
    exit("Can not open file: $filename");
}
//文件类型是二进制流。设置为utf8编码(支持中文文件名称)
header(&#39;Content-type:application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8&#39;);
header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
header("Accept-Ranges: bytes");
//文件大小
header("Content-Length: ".filesize($filePath));
//触发浏览器文件下载功能
header(&#39;Content-Disposition:attachment;filename="&#39;.urlencode($filename).&#39;"&#39;);
//循环读取文件内容,并输出
while(!feof($fileHandle)) {
    //从文件指针 handle 读取最多 length 个字节(每次输出10k)
    echo fread($fileHandle, 10240);
}
//关闭文件流
fclose($fileHandle);

这里只是做了一个示例(只包括核心功能),为了方便说明直接以GET方式从url中获取用户想要下载的文件名称

注意以下两行代码(为了能够下载中文名称的文件)

$filePath = iconv('UTF-8','gbk',$filePath);
header('Content-type:application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8');

如果用户需要下载的是中文名称的文件。则需要将文件路径转换成gbk编码,否则会出现 文件不存在 之类的错误。header中设置utf8编码,也是同样的道理

下载文件

打开浏览器,访问 http://127.0.0.1/rewrite/尴尬.zip    文件便开始下载了。

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