What are the three layers of the Internet of Things?

The Internet of Things is divided into three layers: network layer, application layer, and perception layer. The network layer is equivalent to the human nerve center and brain, responsible for transmitting and processing information obtained by the perception layer. The application layer is the Internet of Things. The interface with the user, the perception layer consists of various sensors and sensor gateways.

#The operating environment of this article: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The Internet of Things can be divided into three layers: network layer, application layer, and perception layer.

Network layer is composed of various private networks, the Internet, wired and wireless communication networks, network management systems and cloud computing platforms, which is equivalent to the human nerve center and brain. Responsible for transmitting and processing information obtained by the perception layer.

Application layer is the interface between the Internet of Things and users (including people, organizations and other systems). It is combined with industry needs to realize intelligent applications of the Internet of Things.

Perception layer is composed of various sensors and sensor gateways, including carbon dioxide concentration sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, QR code tags, RFID tags and readers, cameras, GPS, etc. sensing terminal.

The perceptual layer is equivalent to the nerve endings of human eyes, ears, nose, throat and skin. It is the source of identifying objects and collecting information in the Internet of Things. Its main function is to identify objects and collect information.

Extended information:

Related technologies

1. Address resources

The implementation of the Internet of Things requires assigning a unique identifier or address to each object. The earliest ideas for addressability were based on RFID tags and unique codes for electronic products.

Another idea coming from the Semantic Web is to use existing naming protocols such as Uniform Resource Identifiers to make all items accessible (not just electronics, smart devices, and items with RFID tags). The items themselves cannot talk, but in this way they can be accessed by other nodes, such as a powerful central server.

2. Artificial intelligence

Autonomous control does not depend on the network architecture. But the current research trend is to combine autonomous control and the Internet of Things. In the future, the Internet of Things may be a non-deterministic, open network in which self-organizing or intelligent physical and virtual items can interact with the environment and based on their respective Purpose operates autonomously.

3. Architecture

In the Internet of Things, an event message is probably not a predetermined message with a certain syntactic structure, but a kind of self-expressive content, such as Semantic Web.

Correspondingly, information does not need to have a definite protocol to regulate all possible contents, because there is no "ultimate specification" that can predict all information contents.

The top-down standardization is static and cannot adapt to the dynamic evolution of the network, so it is also impractical. Information on the Internet of Things should be self-explanatory, comply with some standards, and be able to evolve.

4. System

Not all nodes in the Internet of Things must run at the global level, such as the TCP/IP layer. For example, many terminal sensors and actuators do not have the ability to run the TCP/IP protocol stack. Instead, they are connected through ZigBee, fieldbus, etc.

These devices usually only have limited address translation capabilities and information parsing capabilities. In order to connect these devices to the Internet of Things, some kind of agent device and program are required to achieve the following functions: Use "local language" in the subnet Communicate with the device.

Translate the "local language" and the upper-layer network language into and out of each other; make up for the lack of access capabilities of the equipment. Therefore, this type of agent device is also an important component of IoT hardware.

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