Preliminary learning of new features of java 1.8

The Java 8 release is the most revolutionary version since Java 5 released in 2004. Java 8 brings a lot of new features to the Java language, compilers, class libraries, development tools and JVM.

This article introduces several new features in Java 1.8 in detail, hoping to help everyone.

1. Lambda expression

Format: (parameter) -> {code segment}

For example: new Thread(() -> {System.out. println("hello world!")}).start(); This is the lambda expression.

The implementation of lambda needs to rely on functional interfaces. Lambda is essentially an anonymous inner class. Before jdk1.8, if the method needs to operate the implementation method of other interfaces, it can be achieved through anonymous inner classes.

After jdk1.8, anonymous inner classes can be replaced by lambda expressions, and it is more simplified.

package java8;
 
public class LambdaDemo {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//JDK1.8之前使用接口,采用匿名内部类的方式
		MyInterface mi = new MyInterface() {
			@Override
			public void test() {
				System.out.println("test");
			}
		};
		
		mi.test();
		
		//JDK1.8之后，使用lambda表达式
		MyInterface lmi = () -> {
			System.out.println("test");
		};
		
		lmi.test();
	}
}
//定义一个函数式接口，只有一个抽象方法 
interface MyInterface{
	
	void test();
}

Functional interface: An interface with one and only one abstract method is called a functional interface

The common interfaces of functional interfaces, Function, Predicate, Supplier, and Consumer, are all in java.util.

Function interface under function package: R apply(T t) receives a parameter and returns an object

package java8;
 
import java.util.function.Function;
 
public class LambdaDemo {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// function的使用
		// 传统模式,第一个泛型：接收的参数类型 第二个泛型，返回的参数类型
		Function<String, String> function1 = new Function<String, String>() {
			@Override
			public String apply(String t) {
				return t;
			}
		};
		// 调用apply方法，并获取返回结果
		String res1 = function1.apply("function的使用");
		System.out.println(res1);
		// lambda的使用,当参数只有一个且不写参数类型时，"()"可以省略
		Function<String, String> function2 = t -> {
			return t;
		};
		// 调用apply方法，并获取返回结果
		String res2 = function2.apply("function的使用");
		System.out.println(res2);
	}
}

Predicate interface: boolean test(T t) receives a parameter and returns a boolean value

Commonly used for comparison

package java8;
 
import java.util.function.*;
 
public class LambdaDemo {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// predicate的使用
		// 传统模式,泛型参数：接收的参数类型
		Predicate<Integer> predicate1 = new Predicate<Integer>() {
 
			@Override
			public boolean test(Integer t) {
				// 大于等于10就为真，否则为假
				return t >= 10;
			}
 
		};
		// 执行predicate1的方法
		System.out.println(predicate1.test(11));
		System.out.println(predicate1.test(8));
		
		
		//使用lambda表达式
		Predicate<Integer> predicate2 = new Predicate<Integer>() {
			@Override
			public boolean test(Integer t) {
				// 大于等于10就为真，否则为假
				return t >= 10;
			}
		};
		// 执行predicate1的方法
		System.out.println(predicate2.test(11));
		System.out.println(predicate2.test(8));
	}
}

Supplier interface: T get() returns an object

The producer of the producer-consumer model only produces objects

package java8;
 
import java.util.function.*;
 
public class LambdaDemo {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//Supplier的使用
		// 传统模式,泛型参数：返回的参数类型
		Supplier<String> s1 = new Supplier<String>() {
 
			@Override
			public String get() {
				return new String("supplier");
			}
		};
		//调用
		System.out.println(s1.get());
		
		// 使用lambda表达式
		//当代码只有一句时，可以省略"{}",不接收参数时，"()"不能省略
		Supplier<String> s2 = () -> new String("supplier");
		System.out.println(s2.get());
	}
}

Consumer interface: accept (T t) receives a parameter and does not return any value

The producer of the producer-consumer model only consumes objects

package java8;
 
import java.util.function.*;
 
public class LambdaDemo {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// Consumer的使用
		// 传统模式,泛型参数：返回的参数类型
		Consumer<String> con1 = new Consumer<String>() {
 
			@Override
			public void accept(String t) {
				System.out.println(t);
			}
		};
		con1.accept("consumer");
		
		//使用lambda表达式,同时省略"()","{}"
		Consumer<String> con2 = t -> System.out.println(t);
		con2.accept("consumer");
	}
}

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Practical usage of lambda:

package java8;
 
import java.util.function.*;
 
public class LambdaDemo {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//Runnable的实现，
		new Thread(() -> {
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run");
		}).start();
		
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " run");
	}
}

2. Method reference:

Method reference means that there is only one method call in the lambda expression, and this method If there is a real existence, then you can replace the lambda expression with a method reference.

There are four types of method references

Class name::Static method name

Object name::Instance method name

Class name::Instance method Name

Class name::new

package java8;
 
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
public class MethodReferenceDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 定义3个Student对象
		Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 90);
		Student s2 = new Student("lisi", 60);
		Student s3 = new Student("wangwu", 70);
		// 添加到集合
		List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3);
 
		//普通的lambda实现
		// sort接收两个参数，第一个参数，要排序的集合，第二个参数，Comparator接口的实现
		// Collections.sort(students, (stu1,stu2) -> StudentSortUtil.sortByScore(stu1,stu2));
		// students.forEach(t -> System.out.println(t.getScore()));
 
		// 方法引用1---类名::静态方法名
		// Collections.sort(students, StudentSortUtil::sortByScore);
		// students.forEach(t -> System.out.println(t.getScore()));
		
		//创建实例对象，调用实例对象的方法
		StudentSortUtil ssu = new StudentSortUtil();
		
		//普通的lambda实现
//		Collections.sort(students, (stu1, stu2) -> ssu.sortByScoreInstance(stu1, stu2));
//		students.forEach(t -> System.out.println(t.getScore()));
		
		// 方法引用2---对象名::实例方法名
//		Collections.sort(students, ssu::sortByScoreInstance);
//		students.forEach(t -> System.out.println(t.getScore()));
		
		/*
		 * 方法引用3---类名::实例方法名
		 * Student的sortByScore()只有一个参数，而Comparator的实现需要两个参数，为什么编译器不报错？
		 * 这是因为sortByScore是一个普通方法，要使用这个方法肯定要有一个Student类的实例对象来调用
		 * 而调用的这个方法的对象就作为Comparator的第一个参数对象传递进来
		 * 例String的compareTo()方法，调用这个方法首先要有一个String的实例对象，
		 * 此处str就是这个实例对象,str就作为Comparator的第一个参数
		 * "hello"这个String对象就作为第二个参数
		 * String str = new String("str1");
		 * str.compareTo("hello");	
		 */
		Collections.sort(students, Student::sortByScore);
		
		
		//创建一个新的Student对象,使用lambda表达式创建
		//不接收参数，返回一个对象，其实就是Supplier接口的实例
		Supplier<Student> su1 = () -> new Student();
		//方法引用4---类名::new
		Supplier<Student> su2 = Student::new;
		
		//BiConsumer是Consumer的扩展，可以接受两个参数返回一个值
		BiConsumer<String, Integer> bc1 = (name,score) -> new Student(name,score);
		//替换上面的lambda表达式，需要接收两个参数，所以调用的是有参构造方法
		BiConsumer<String, Integer> bc2 = Student::new;
		
	}
}
 
//定义一个学生实体类
class Student {
	private String name;
	private int score;
 
	public Student() {
	}
 
	public Student(String name, int score) {
		this.name = name;
		this.score = score;
	}
 
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
 
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
 
	public int getScore() {
		return score;
	}
 
	public void setScore(int score) {
		this.score = score;
	}
 
	public int sortByScore(Student stu) {
		return this.getScore() - stu.getScore();
	}
 
	public int sortByName(Student stu) {
		return this.getName().compareTo(stu.getName());
	}
}
 
//定义一个学生排序工具类
class StudentSortUtil {
 
	public static int sortByScore(Student stu1, Student stu2) {
		return stu1.getScore() - stu2.getScore();
	}
 
	public static int sortByName(Student stu1, Student stu2) {
		return stu1.getName().compareTo(stu2.getName());
	}
 
	// 普通方法，创建对象才能调用
	public int sortByScoreInstance(Student stu1, Student stu2) {
		return stu1.getScore() - stu2.getScore();
	}
 
	// 普通方法，创建对象才能调用
	public int sortByNameInstance(Student stu1, Student stu2) {
		return stu1.getName().compareTo(stu2.getName());
	}
}

3. Stream:

Stream is divided into intermediate operation and termination operation. The intermediate operation will continue to return a new stream and the termination operation Return a result.

If there is only an intermediate operation in a line of code, it will not be executed. It will only be executed when it encounters a termination operation.

package java8;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
public class StreamDemo {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//Stream的使用
		
		//创建流，参数为可变参数
		Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(50,66,88);
		
		//将Stream转化为数组
		//Object[] array =  stream.toArray();
		//System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
		
		//筛选过滤条件,参数为Predicate，动作自己指定,找到大于60的数
		//流分为中间操作和终止操作，节点流会继续返回一个流对象，终止操作会返回一个结果，
		//只有中间流，代码不会执行，只有遇见终止操作才会执行
		//stream.filter((target) -> target > 60).forEach(System.out::println);
		
		//map对数据进行操作,接收一个Function实例 例：对流中的每个元素都乘以2
		stream.map((t) -> 2 * t).forEach(System.out::println);
		
		//流的无限模式,会对seed一直执行UnaryOperator的事件,一般和limit配合使用
		//skip(n)跳过n个元素,limit(n) 返回n个元素的流
		Stream.iterate(0, t -> t + 2).skip(2).limit(6).forEach(System.out::println);
		
		//将流转换为集合对象,第一个参数，传递一个Supplier 最终结果类型由此提供
		//第二个参数 BiConsumer() 传递两个参数，第一个要操作的集合，第二个当前的流元素
		//第三个元素BiConsumer() 传递两个集合，最终合并成一个集合
		//类似StringBuffer.append()方法
//		stream.collect(() -> new ArrayList<Integer>(),
//				(target,item)-> target.add(item),
//				(result,target)-> result.addAll(target)).forEach(System.out::println);
		//可以使用方法引用简化
		stream.collect(LinkedList::new,LinkedList::add,LinkedList::addAll);
		
	}
}

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