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What are the new features of es6

coldplay.xixi
coldplay.xixiOriginal
2021-02-22 11:59:27106138browse

es6新特性:1、向对象添加属性;2、合并对象;3、删除对象的属性;4、动态删除属性;5、调整对象属性的位置;6、默认属性;7、重命名对象的属性;8、条件属性。

What are the new features of es6

本文操作环境:Windows7系统,ECMAScript 6.0版本,Dell G3电脑。

es6新特性:

1、向对象添加属性

克隆对象,同时向(浅)克隆对象添加附加属性,如下代码:

const user = { id: 10, name: 'Tom'}const userWithPass = { ...user, password: 'Password!' }user //=> { id: 10, name: 'Tom' }userWithPass //=> { id: 10, name: 'Tom', password: 'Password!' }

在这个例子里面user克隆成userWithPass,并且userWithPass对象添加了password属性,代码简洁高效。

2、合并对象

我们通过举个例子来说明是如何操作的

const part1 = { id: 10, name: 'Howard Moon' }const part2 = { id: 11, password: 'Password!' }const user1 = { ...part1, ...part2 }//=> { id: 10, name: 'Howard Moon', password: 'Password!' }

在这个例子里面我们将part1和part2合并成一个对象user1,也可以通过以下方式合并对象

const partial = { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon' }const user = { ...partial, id: 100, password: 'Password!' }user //=> { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon', password: 'Password!' }

3、删除对象的属性

可以结合REST运算符使用析构来删除属性。

onst noPassword = ({ password, ...rest }) => restconst user = { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon', password: 'Password!'}noPassword(user) //=> { id: 100, name: 'Howard moon' }

4、动态删除属性

可以利用对象属性名,然后removeProperty传递属性名称将属性删除

const user1 = { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon', password: 'Password!'}const removeProperty = prop => ({ [prop]: _, ...rest }) => rest// ---- ------//  /// dynamic destructuringconst removePassword = removeProperty('password')const removeId = removeProperty('id')removePassword(user1) //=> { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon' }removeId(user1) //=> { name: 'Howard Moon', password: 'Password!' }

5、调整对象属性的位置

有时属性不符合我们所需要的顺序。使用一些技巧,我们可以将属性推到列表的顶部,或者将它们移动到底部,例如:

const user3 = { password: 'Password!', name: 'Naboo', id: 300}const organize = object => ({ id: undefined, ...object })// -------------// /// move id to the first propertyorganize(user3)//=> { id: 300, password: 'Password!', name: 'Naboo' }

在这个例子里面将id已到了第一位,下面的例子是将password属性移动到最后一位

const user3 = { password: 'Password!', name: 'Naboo', id: 300}const organize = ({ password, ...object }) => ({ ...object, password })// --------// /// move password to last propertyorganize(user3)//=> { name: 'Naboo', id: 300, password: 'Password!' }

6、默认属性

const user2 = { id: 200, name: 'Vince Noir'}const user4 = { id: 400, name: 'Bollo', quotes: ["I've got a bad feeling about this..."]}const setDefaults = ({ quotes = [], ...object}) => ({ ...object, quotes })setDefaults(user2)//=> { id: 200, name: 'Vince Noir', quotes: [] }setDefaults(user4)//=> {//=> id: 400,//=> name: 'Bollo',//=> quotes: ["I've got a bad feeling about this..."]//=> }

值得注意的是默认属性值仅在未包含在原始对象中时才会设置,从这个例子的结果来看,我们就知道怎样设置默认值了。或者你也可能需要这样写

const setDefaults = ({ ...object}) => ({ quotes: [], ...object })

7、重命名对象的属性

在有些场景,比如我们可能需要修改对象属性的大小写,那么我们可以通过这样的方式来重命名

const renamed = ({ ID, ...object }) => ({ id: ID, ...object })const user = {ID: 500,name: "Bob Fossil"}renamed(user) //=> { id: 500, name: 'Bob Fossil' }//将大写ID改成了小写的

8、条件属性

这个有时候会非常实用,从名字来看,显示是通过条件来控制对象的属性

const user = { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon' }const password = 'Password!'const userWithPassword = { ...user, id: 100, ...(password && { password })}userWithPassword //=> { id: 100, name: 'Howard Moon', password: 'Password!' }

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