Five common computer systems

The five common computer systems are: 1. DOS, a disk operating system; 2. Windows, an operating system based on graphical user interface; 3. UNIX, a time-sharing operating system; 4. Linux, It is a UNIX-like operating system that is free to use and freely disseminated; 5. Mac OS is the main operating system of Mac series computers.

The operating environment of this article: Acer S40-51, Windows10 Home Chinese version.

Five common computer systems

1, DOS

DOS, It is the abbreviation of Disk Operating System (English: Disk Operating System), which is a type of operating system on personal computers.

As the name suggests, this is an operating system based on disk management. The biggest difference from the operating system we use now is that it is in the form of a command line. It relies on inputting commands to conduct human-computer dialogue, and transmits instructions to the computer in the form of commands, allowing the computer to implement operations.

The DOS family includes MS-DOS, PC-DOS, DR-DOS, FreeDOS, PTS-DOS, ROM-DOS, JM-OS, etc., of which MS-DOS is the most famous. Although these systems are often referred to as "DOS", no system is named simply "DOS" (only an unrelated 1960s IBM mainframe operating system is named after this).

In addition, several disk operating systems that have nothing to do with DOS and run on non-x86 microcomputer systems also have the word "DOS" in their names, and will also be referred to as "DOS" when discussing the machine specifically. "DOS" (for example: AmigaDOS, AMSDOS, ANDOS, Apple DOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, CSI-DOS, ProDOS, TRS-DOS, etc.), but these systems are not compatible with DOS executable files and MS-DOS API.

2. Windows

Microsoft Windows is a series of proprietary commercial software operating systems launched by Microsoft based on graphical user interfaces. It came out in 1985. It was originally a desktop environment running under MS-DOS. Its subsequent versions gradually developed into an operating system mainly designed for personal computer and server users, and eventually gained the monopoly position of the world's personal computer operating systems. . This operating system can run on several different types of platforms, such as personal computers (PCs), mobile devices, servers (Servers), embedded systems, etc., among which it is most commonly used in the field of personal computers.

As computer hardware and software continue to upgrade, Windows is also constantly upgrading, from 16-bit to 32-bit to 64-bit architecture, and the system version ranges from the original Windows 1.0 to the well-known Windows 95, Windows 98. Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and Windows Server enterprise-class operating systems. Microsoft has been committed to the development and improvement of Windows operating systems.

3. UNIX

UNIX (Uniplexed Information and Computing Service, UnICS), a multi-user, multi-process The computer operating system originated from AT&T Unix, which was developed at AT&T Bell Labs in the United States in the 1970s.

UNIX operating system is a powerful multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that supports multiple processor architectures. According to the classification of operating systems, it is a time-sharing operating system. It was first developed by Ken Thompson and Dennis · Developed by Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in 1969. Currently, its trademark rights are owned by the International Open Standards Organization. Only UNIX systems that comply with the single UNIX specification can use the name UNIX, otherwise they can only be called UNIX-like (UNIX-like).

4. Linux

Linux is a free and open source UNIX-like operating system. The kernel of the operating system was first released by Linus Torvalds on October 5, 1991. After adding user space applications, it became the Linux operating system. Linux is also the most famous example of free software and open source software development. As long as they follow the GNU General Public License (GPL), any individual or institution can freely use all the underlying source code of Linux, and can also modify and redistribute it freely. Most Linux systems also include programs like X Window that provide a GUI. With the exception of a few experts, most people just jump into a Linux distribution without choosing every component or setting it up themselves.

Linux strictly speaking refers only to the kernel of the operating system, because the operating system contains many user graphical interfaces and other practical tools. Nowadays, Linux is often used to refer to a complete operating system based on Linux, and the kernel is called the Linux kernel. Since these system tools and libraries that support user space are mainly provided by the GNU project launched by Richard Stallman in 1983, the Free Software Foundation proposed to name its combined system GNU/Linux, but Linux does not belong to the GNU project. This The name was not unanimously embraced by the community.

5. Mac OS

macOS is a graphical user interface-based operating system launched by Apple and is the main operating system for the Macintosh (Mac) series of computers. system. Mac OS is the first commercially successful graphical user interface operating system.

macOS consists of two main parts: the core called Darwin, which is based on BSD source code and Mach microkernel and is developed by Apple and the independent developer community; and a core called Aqua developed by Apple. Patented graphical user interface.

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