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Understand 25 array methods by implementing them (Collection)

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2020-12-18 09:21:311409browse

This article introduces 25 array methods to you, and you can understand and use these array methods efficiently by implementing 25 array methods. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Understand 25 array methods by implementing them (Collection)

To use a method on a given array, just pass [].Method name. These methods are defined in Array .prototype object. Here, we will not use these phases. Instead, we will start with a simple method to define our own versions and build on these versions.

There’s no better way to learn than taking things apart and putting them back together again. Note that when we implement our own methods, do not overwrite existing methods, because some libraries require them, and it is also convenient to compare the differences between our own methods and the original methods.

So don’t name our custom method like this:

    Array.prototype.map = function map() {
     // implementation
    };

It’s better to name it like this:

    function map(array) {
     // implementation
    }

We can also use the class keyword and Extend the Array constructor to implement our method as follows:

    class OwnArray extends Array {
     public constructor(...args) {
       super(...args);
     }
    
     public map() {
       // implementation
       return this;
     }
    }

The only difference is that instead of using an array parameter, we use the this keyword .

However, I think the class method brings unnecessary confusion, so we adopt the first method.

With this, let’s start by implementing the simplest method forEach!

Collection class

##.forEach

Array.prototype.forEach The method executes the provided function once for each element of the array without changing the original array.

    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].forEach(value => console.log(value));

Implementation

    function forEach(array, callback) {
      const { length } = array;
      
      for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
        const value = array[index];
        callback(value, index, array)
      }
    }

We loop through the array and execute a callback for each element. One thing to note here is that this method does not return anything, so it returns

undefined by default.

Method Ripple

The advantage of using array methods is that operations can be chained together. Consider the following code:

    function getTodosWithCategory(todos, category) {
     return todos
       .filter(todo => todo.category === category)
       .map(todo => normalizeTodo(todo));
    }

In this way, we do not have to save the execution results of

map in variables, and the code will be simpler.

Unfortunately,

forEach does not return the original array, which means we cannot do the following things

    // 无法工作
    function getTodosWithCategory(todos, category) {
     return todos
       .filter(todo => todo.category === category)
       .forEach((value) => console.log(value))
       .map(todo => normalizeTodo(todo));
    }

Help function (print information)

Then implement a simple function that better explains what each method does: what it accepts as input, what it returns, and whether it modifies the array.

    function logOperation(operationName, array, callback) {
     const input = [...array];
     const result = callback(array);
    
     console.log({
       operation: operationName,
       arrayBefore: input,
       arrayAfter: array,
       mutates: mutatesArray(input, array), // shallow check
       result,
     });
    }

The mutatesArray method is used to determine whether the original array has been changed. If there is a modification, it just returns

true, otherwise it returns false. Of course, if you have any good ideas, you can put them forward in the comments.

    function mutatesArray(firstArray, secondArray) {
      if (firstArray.length !== secondArray.length) {
        return true;
      }
    
      for (let index = 0; index < firstArray.length; index += 1) {
        if (firstArray[index] !== secondArray[index]) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    
      return false;
    }

Then use

logOperation to test the forEach method we implemented earlier.

    logOperation(&#39;forEach&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => forEach(array, value => console.log(value)));

Print result:

    {
      operation: &#39;forEach&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: undefined
    }

.map

map method will give the original array The callback function is called once for each element in sequence. callback The return values ​​after each execution (including undefined) are combined to form a new array.

Implementation

    function map(array, callback) {
      const result = [];
      const { length } = array;
      
      for (let index = 0; index < length; index +=1) {
        const value = array[index];
        
        result[index] = callback(value, index, array);
      }
    
      return result;
    }

The callback function provided to the method accepts the old value as a parameter and returns a new value, which is then saved in the new array under the same index, here using the variable

result means.

It should be noted here that we return a new array and do not modify the old one.

Test

    logOperation(&#39;map&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => map(array, value => value + 5));

Print results:

    { 
      operation: &#39;map&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]
     }

.filter

##Array.prototype .filter

The filter callback returns values ​​as false, each value is saved in a new array and returned. <pre class="brush:js;toolbar:false;"> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].filter(number =&gt; number &gt;= 3); // -&gt; [3, 4, 5]</pre>Implementation

    function push(array, ...values) {
      const { length: arrayLength } = array;
      const { length: valuesLength } = values;
    
      for (let index = 0; index < valuesLength; index += 1) {
        array[arrayLength + index] = values[index];
      }
    
      return array.length;
    }
    --------------------------------------------------
    function filter(array, callback) {
     const result = [];
    
     const { length } = array;
    
     for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
       const value = array[index];
    
       if (callback(value, index, array)) {
         push(result, value);
       }
     }
    
     return result;
    }

Gets each value and checks if the provided callback function returns

true

or false, then adds that value to into the newly created array, or discard it appropriately. Note that the

push

method is used here for the result array instead of saving the value at the same index placed in the passed in array. This way, result will not have empty slots due to discarded values. Test

    logOperation(&#39;filter&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => filter(array, value => value >= 2));

Run:

    { 
      operation: &#39;filter&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ] 
    }

.reduce##reduce()

The method receives a function as an accumulator, and each value in the array (from left to right) starts to be reduced, and is finally calculated as

a value. reduce() The method accepts four parameters: Initial value (or the return value of the last callback function), current element value, current index, and the array in which reduce() is called. Exactly, how to calculate this value needs to be specified in the callback. Let’s look at a simple example using reduce

: summing a set of numbers:

     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].reduce((sum, number) => {
       return sum + number;
     }, 0) // -> 55

注意这里的回调接受两个参数:sumnumber。第一个参数总是前一个迭代返回的结果,第二个参数在遍历中的当前数组元素。

这里,当咱们对数组进行迭代时,sum包含到循环当前索引的所有数字的和因为每次迭代咱们都将数组的当前值添加到sum中。

实现

    function reduce(array, callback, initValue) {
      const { length } = array;
      
      let acc = initValue;
      let startAtIndex = 0;
    
      if (initValue === undefined) {
        acc = array[0];
        startAtIndex = 0;
      }
    
      for (let index = startAtIndex; index < length; index += 1) {
        const value = array[index];
        acc = callback(acc, value, index, array)
      }
     
      return acc;
    }

咱们创建了两个变量accstartAtIndex,并用它们的默认值初始化它们,分别是参数initValue0

然后,检查initValue是否是undefined。如果是,则必须将数组的第一个值设置为初值,为了不重复计算初始元素,将startAtIndex设置为1

每次迭代,reduce方法都将回调的结果保存在累加器(acc)中,然后在下一个迭代中使用。对于第一次迭代,acc被设置为initValuearray[0]

测试

    logOperation(&#39;reduce&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => reduce(array, (sum, number) => sum + number, 0));

运行:

    { operation: &#39;reduce&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: 15 
    }

检索类

有什么操作比搜索特定值更常见?这里有一些方法可以帮助我们。

.findIndex

findIndex帮助咱们找到数组中给定值的索引。

    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].findIndex(value => value === 5); // 4

findIndex方法对数组中的每个数组索引0..length-1(包括)执行一次callback函数,直到找到一个callback函数返回真实值(强制为true)的值。如果找到这样的元素,findIndex会立即返回该元素的索引。如果回调从不返回真值,或者数组的length0,则findIndex返回-1

实现

    function findIndex(array, callback) {
     const { length } = array;
    
     for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
       const value = array[index];
    
       if (callback(value, index, array)) {
         return index;
       }
     }
    
     return -1;
    }

测试

    logOperation(&#39;findIndex&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => findIndex(array, number => number === 3));

运行:

    {
      operation: &#39;findIndex&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: 2
    }

.find

findfindIndex的唯一区别在于,它返回的是实际值,而不是索引。实际工作中,咱们可以重用已经实现的findIndex

    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].find(value => value === 5); // 5

实现

    function find(array, callback) {
     const index = findIndex(array, callback);
    
     if (index === -1) {
       return undefined;
     }
    
     return array[index];
    }

测试

    logOperation(&#39;find&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => find(array, number => number === 3));

运行

    {
      operation: &#39;find&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: 3
    }

.indexOf

indexOf是获取给定值索引的另一种方法。然而,这一次,咱们将实际值作为参数而不是函数传递。同样,为了简化实现,可以使用前面实现的findIndex

    [3, 2, 3].indexOf(3); // -> 0

实现

    function indexOf(array, searchedValue) {
      return findIndex(array, value => value === searchedValue)
    }

测试

    logOperation(&#39;indexOf&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => indexOf(array, 3));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;indexOf&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: 2
    }

.lastIndexOf

lastIndexOf的工作方式与indexOf相同,lastIndexOf() 方法返回指定元素在数组中的最后一个的索引,如果不存在则返回 -1

    [3, 2, 3].lastIndexOf(3); // -> 2

实现

    function lastIndexOf(array, searchedValue) {
      for (let index = array.length - 1; index > -1; index -= 1 ){
        const value = array[index];
        
        if (value === searchedValue) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return  -1;
    }

代码基本与findIndex类似,但是没有执行回调,而是比较valuesearchedValue。如果比较结果为 true,则返回索引,如果找不到值,返回-1

测试

    logOperation(&#39;lastIndexOf&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3], array => lastIndexOf(array, 3));

执行结果

    { 
      operation: &#39;lastIndexOf&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: 5 
    }

.every

every() 方法测试一个数组内的所有元素是否都能通过某个指定函数的测试,它返回一个布尔值。

    [1, 2, 3].every(value => Number.isInteger(value)); // -> true

咱们可以将every 方法看作一个等价于逻辑与的数组。

实现

    function every(array, callback){
      const { length } = array;
      
      for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
       const value = array[index];
       
        if (!callback(value, index, array)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    
      return true;
    }

咱们为每个值执行回调。如果在任何时候返回false,则退出循环,整个方法返回false。如果循环终止而没有进入到if语句里面(说明条件都成立),则方法返回true

测试

    logOperation(&#39;every&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => every(array, number => Number.isInteger(number)));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;every&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: true 
    }

.some

some 方法与 every 刚好相反,即只要其中一个为true 就会返回true。与every 方法类似,咱们可以将some 方法看作一个等价于逻辑或数组。

    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].some(number => number === 5); // -> true

实现

    function some(array, callback) {
     const { length } = array;
    
     for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
       const value = array[index];
    
       if (callback(value, index, array)) {
         return true;
       }
     }
    
     return false;
    }

咱们为每个值执行回调。如果在任何时候返回true,则退出循环,整个方法返回true。如果循环终止而没有进入到if语句里面(说明条件都不成立),则方法返回false

测试

    logOperation(&#39;some&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => some(array, number => number === 5));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;some&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: true
    }

.includes

includes方法的工作方式类似于 some 方法,但是includes不用回调,而是提供一个参数值来比较元素。

    [1, 2, 3].includes(3); // -> true

实现

    function includes(array, searchedValue){
      return some(array, value => value === searchedValue)
    }

测试

    logOperation(&#39;includes&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => includes(array, 5));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;includes&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: true
    }

拼接、附加和反转数组

.concat

concat() 方法用于合并两个或多个数组,此方法不会更改现有数组,而是返回一个新数组。

    [1, 2, 3].concat([4, 5], 6, [7, 8]) // -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

实现

    function concat(array, ...values) {
      const result = [...array];
      const { length } = values;
    
      for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
        const value = values[index];
        
        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
          push(result, ...value);
        } else {
          push(result, value);
        }
      }
    
      return result;
    }

concat将数组作为第一个参数,并将未指定个数的值作为第二个参数,这些值可以是数组,也可以是其他类型的值。

首先,通过复制传入的数组创建 result 数组。然后,遍历 values ,检查该值是否是数组。如果是,则使用push函数将其值附加到结果数组中。

push(result, value) 只会向数组追加为一个元素。相反,通过使用展开操作符push(result,…value) 将数组的所有值附加到result 数组中。在某种程度上,咱们把数组扁平了一层。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;concat&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => concat(array, 1, 2, [3, 4]));

执行结果

    { 
     operation: &#39;concat&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 ] 
    }

.join

join() 方法用于把数组中的所有元素放入一个字符串,元素是通过指定的分隔符进行分隔的。

    [&#39;Brian&#39;, &#39;Matt&#39;, &#39;Kate&#39;].join(&#39;, &#39;) // -> Brian, Matt, Kate

实现

    function join(array, joinWith) {
      return reduce(
        array,
        (result, current, index) => {
          if (index === 0) {
            return current;
          }
          
          return `${result}${joinWith}${current}`;
        },
        &#39;&#39;
      )
    }

reduce的回调是神奇之处:reduce遍历所提供的数组并将结果字符串拼接在一起,在数组的值之间放置所需的分隔符(作为joinWith传递)。

array[0]值需要一些特殊的处理,因为此时result是一个空字符串,而且咱们也不希望分隔符(joinWith)位于第一个元素前面。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;join&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => join(array, &#39;, &#39;));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;join&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: &#39;1, 2, 3, 4, 5&#39;
    }

.reverse

reverse() 方法将数组中元素的位置颠倒,并返回该数组,该方法会改变原数组。

实现

    function reverse(array) {
      const result = []
      const lastIndex = array.length - 1;
    
      for (let index = lastIndex; index > -1; index -= 1) {
        const value = array[index];
        result[lastIndex - index ] = value
      }
      return result;
    }

其思路很简单:首先,定义一个空数组,并将数组的最后一个索引保存为变量(lastIndex)。接着反过来遍历数组,将每个值保存在结果result 中的(lastIndex - index)位置,然后返回result数组。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;reverse&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => reverse(array));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;reverse&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ]
    }

添加、删除和追加值

.shift

shift() 方法从数组中删除第一个元素,并返回该元素的值,此方法更改数组的长度。

    [1, 2, 3].shift(); // -> 1

实现

    function shift(array) {
      const { length } = array;
      const firstValue = array[0];
    
      for (let index = 1; index > length; index += 1) {
        const value = array[index];
        array[index - 1] = value;
      }
    
      array.length = length - 1;
    
      return firstValue;
    }

首先保存数组的原始长度及其初始值,然后遍历数组并将每个值向下移动一个索引。完成遍历后,更新数组的长度并返回初始值。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;shift&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => shift(array));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;shift&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: true,
      result: 1
    }

.unshift

unshift() 方法将一个或多个元素添加到数组的开头,并返回该数组的新长度(该方法修改原有数组)。

    [2, 3, 4].unshift(1); // -> [1, 2, 3, 4]

实现

    function unshift(array, ...values) {
      const mergedArrays = concat(values, ...array);
      const { length: mergedArraysLength } = mergedArrays;
    
      for (let index = 0; index < mergedArraysLength; index += 1) {
        const value = mergedArrays[index];
        array[index] = value;
      }
    
      return array.length;
    }

首先将需要加入数组(作为参数传递的单个值)和数组拼接起来。这里需要注意的是values 放在第一位的,也就是放置在原始数组的前面。

然后保存这个新数组的长度并遍历它,将它的值保存在原始数组中,并覆盖开始时的值。

测试

logOperation(&#39;unshift&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => unshift(array, 0));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;unshift&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: true,
      result: 6
    }

.slice

    slice()

方法返回一个新的数组对象,这一对象是一个由 beginend 决定的原数组的浅拷贝(包括 begin,不包括end)原始数组不会被改变。

slice 会提取原数组中索引从 beginend 的所有元素(包含 begin,但不包含 end)。

    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].slice(3, 6); // -> [4, 5, 6]

实现 (简单实现)

    function slice(array, startIndex = 0, endIndex = array.length) {
     const result = [];
    
     for (let index = startIndex; index < endIndex; index += 1) {
       const value = array[index];
    
       if (index < array.length) {
         push(result, value);
       }
     }
    
     return result;
    }

咱们遍历数组从startIndexendIndex,并将每个值放入result。这里使用了这里的默认参数,这样当没有传递参数时,slice方法只创建数组的副本。

注意:if语句确保只在原始数组中存在给定索引下的值时才加入 result 中。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;slice&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => slice(array, 1, 3));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;slice&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 2, 3 ]
    }

.splice

splice() 方法通过删除或替换现有元素或者原地添加新的元素来修改数组,并以数组形式返回被修改的内容。此方法会改变原数组。

首先,指定起始索引,然后指定要删除多少个值,其余的参数是要插入的值。

    const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    // 从位置0开始,删除2个元素后插入 3, 4, 5
    arr.splice(0, 2, 3, 4, 5);
    
    arr // -> [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5]

实现

    function splice( array, insertAtIndex, removeNumberOfElements, ...values) {
      const firstPart = slice(array, 0, insertAtIndex);
      const secondPart = slice(array, insertAtIndex + removeNumberOfElements);
    
      const removedElements = slice(
        array,
        insertAtIndex,
        insertAtIndex + removeNumberOfElements
      );
    
      const joinedParts = firstPart.concat(values, secondPart);
      const { length: joinedPartsLength } = joinedParts;
    
      for (let index = 0; index < joinedPartsLength; index += 1) {
        array[index] = joinedParts[index];
      }
    
      array.length = joinedPartsLength;
    
      return removedElements;
    }

其思路是在insertAtIndexinsertAtIndex + removeNumberOfElements上进行两次切割。这样,将原始数组切成三段。第一部分(firstPart)和第三部分(secondPart)加个插入的元素组成为最后数组的内容。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;splice&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => splice(array, 1, 3));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;splice&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 5 ],
      mutates: true,
      result: [ 2, 3, 4 ]
    }

.pop

pop()方法从数组中删除最后一个元素,并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度。

实现

    function pop(array) {
     const value = array[array.length - 1];
    
     array.length = array.length - 1;
    
     return value;
    }

首先,将数组的最后一个值保存在一个变量中。然后只需将数组的长度减少1,从而删除最后一个值。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;pop&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => pop(array));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;pop&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ],
      mutates: true,
      result: 5
    }

.push

push() 方法将一个或多个元素添加到数组的末尾,并返回该数组的新长度。

    [1, 2, 3, 4].push(5); // -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

实现

    function push(array, ...values) {
      const { length: arrayLength } = array;
      const { length: valuesLength } = values;
    
      for (let index = 0; index < valuesLength; index += 1) {
        array[arrayLength + index] = values[index];
      }
    
      return array.length;
    }

首先,我们保存原始数组的长度,以及在它们各自的变量中要添加的值。然后,遍历提供的值并将它们添加到原始数组中。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;push&#39;, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], array => push(array, 6, 7));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;push&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
      arrayAfter: [
        1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7
      ],
      mutates: true,
      result: 7
    }

.fill

当咱们想用一个占位符值填充一个空数组时,可以使用fill方法。如果想创建一个指定数量的null元素数组,可以这样做:

    [...Array(5)].fill(null) // -> [null, null, null, null, null]

实现

    function fill(array, value, startIndex = 0, endIndex = array.length) {
     for (let index = startIndex; index < endIndex; index += 1) {
       array[index] = value;
     }
    
     return array;
    }

fill方法真正做的是替换指定索引范围内的数组的值。如果没有提供范围,该方法将替换所有数组的值。

测试

    logOperation("fill", [...new Array(5)], array => fill(array, 0));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;fill&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined ],
      arrayAfter: [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],
      mutates: true,
      result: [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
    }

扁平类

有时咱们的数组会变嵌套两到三层,咱们想要将它们扁,也就是减少嵌套的程度。例如,想将所有值都放到顶层。为咱们提供帮助有两个新特性:flatflatMap 方法。

.flat

flat方法通过可指定深度值来减少嵌套的深度。

    [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6, 7, [8]]]].flat(1); // -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [6, 7, [8]]]

因为展开的深度值是1,所以只有第一级数组是被扁平,其余的保持不变。

    [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]].flat(1) // -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

实现

    function flat(array, depth = 0) {
     if (depth < 1 || !Array.isArray(array)) {
       return array;
     }
    
     return reduce(
       array,
       (result, current) => {
         return concat(result, flat(current, depth - 1));
       },
       [],
     );
    }

首先,我们检查depth参数是否小于1。如果是,那就意味着没有什么要扁平的,咱们应该简单地返回数组。

其次,咱们检查数组参数是否属于数组类型,因为如果它不是,那么扁化就没有意义了,所以只返回这个参数。

咱们们使用了之前实现的reduce函数。从一个空数组开始,然后取数组的每个值并将其扁平。

注意,我们调用带有(depth - 1)flat函数。每次调用时,都递减depth参数,以免造成无限循环。扁平化完成后,将返回值来回加到result数组中。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;flat&#39;, [1, 2, 3, [4, 5, [6]]], array => flat(array, 2));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;flat&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3, [ 4, 5, [Array] ] ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3, [ 4, 5, [Array] ] ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ]
    }

.flatMap

flatMap() 方法首先使用映射函数映射每个元素,然后将结果压缩成一个新数组。它与 map 和 深度值1的 flat 几乎相同,但 flatMap 通常在合并成一种方法的效率稍微高一些。

在上面的map方法中,对于每个值,只返回一个值。这样,一个包含三个元素的数组在映射之后仍然有三个元素。使用flatMap,在提供的回调函数中,可以返回一个数组,这个数组稍后将被扁平。

    [1, 2, 3].flatMap(value => [value, value, value]); // [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]

每个返回的数组都是扁平的,我们得到的不是一个嵌套了三个数组的数组,而是一个包含9个元素的数组。

实现

    function flatMap(array, callback) {
     return flat(map(array, callback), 1);
    }

首先使用map,然后将数组的结果数组扁平化一层。

测试

    logOperation(&#39;flatMap&#39;, [1, 2, 3], array => flatMap(array, number => [number, number]));

执行结果

    {
      operation: &#39;flatMap&#39;,
      arrayBefore: [ 1, 2, 3 ],
      arrayAfter: [ 1, 2, 3 ],
      mutates: false,
      result: [ 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 ]
    }

generator 类

最后三种方法的特殊之处在于它们返回生成器的方式。如果你不熟悉生成器,请跳过它们,因为你可能不会很快使用它们。

.values

values方法返回一个生成器,该生成器生成数组的值。

    const valuesGenerator = values([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    
    valuesGenerator.next(); // { value: 1, done: false }

实现

    function values(array) {
     const { length } = array;
    
     function* createGenerator() {
       for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
         const value = array[index];
         yield value;
       }
     }
    
     return createGenerator();
    }

首先,咱们定义createGenerator函数。在其中,咱们遍历数组并生成每个值。

.keys

keys方法返回一个生成器,该生成器生成数组的索引。

    const keysGenerator = keys([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    
    keysGenerator.next(); // { value: 0, done: false }

实现

    function keys(array) {
     function* createGenerator() {
       const { length } = array;
    
       for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
         yield index;
       }
     }
    
     return createGenerator();
    }

实现完全相同,但这一次,生成的是索引,而不是值。

.entries

entry方法返回生成键值对的生成器。

    const entriesGenerator = entries([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    
    entriesGenerator.next(); // { value: [0, 1], done: false }

实现

    function entries(array) {
     const { length } = array;
    
     function* createGenerator() {
       for (let index = 0; index < length; index += 1) {
         const value = array[index];
         yield [index, value];
       }
     }
    
     return createGenerator();
    }

同样的实现,但现在咱们将索引和值结合起来,并在数组中生成它们。

总结

高效使用数组的方法是成为一名优秀开发人员的基础。了解他们内部工作的复杂性是我所知道的最好的方法。

英文原文:https://dev.to/bnevilleoneill/understand-array-methods-by-implementing-them-all-of-them-iha

更多编程相关知识,请访问:编程教学!!

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