Introducing Python to crawl Bilibili videos

python video tutorial column introduces how to crawl videos

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This article is mainly for Please explain how to use python to crawl videos on Bilibili. First of all, I am a big data development engineer. Crawlers are just a hobby of mine. I like crawlers. Partners can communicate together. It’s much better, so I won’t say much more. If you like it, you can collect it, please reply to the original link for forwarding, thank you

1. Environment preparation

The environment I am using here is as follows for reference only:
Development tools: pycharm
python environment: python-3.8.0
Dependent packages : shutil, os, re, json, choice, requests, lxml

2. Page analysis

Here I will take the video of Teacher Ma that was very popular some time ago Let’s give an example.
Video link: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ef4y1i78b?from=search&seid=12072538764197074893

1. Video link analysis here we only need BV1Ef4y1i78b That is Behind the video?
2. The second part of the packet capture in front of the number, the video here on Bilibili is divided into multiple small segments After looking at the source code analysis, we can analyze it The content in script><script></script> returns a json string and parses it to get the data we want. .
3. Analysis returns the specific content in json

The information returned to us is as follows,The information that is really useful to us is in the data

Under data, we can clearly see the content we want, such as the video quality, video address, etc. Note: If you get the address and access it directly The cannot be accessed. Bilibili has added Referer. If you access it directly in the browser, there is no Referer and the page cannot be found.
The content we need to parse is as follows:

1. Duration of video
2. Quality of video
3. URL of video
4. URL of audio
5. Audio and video merging
   

##3. Code practice

3.1 Preparation work

Dependent packages

import jsonimport osimport reimport shutilimport sslimport timeimport requestsfrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorfrom random import choicefrom lxml import etree

Add request header and random user agent

#设置请求头等参数，防止被反爬headers = {
   'Accept': '*/*',
   'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
   'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36'}def get_user_agent():
   '''获取随机用户代理'''
   user_agents = [
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
       "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",
       "MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0 Mobile/13B143 Safari/601.1",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 6 Build/LYZ28E) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.23 Mobile Safari/537.36",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 2_1 like Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/525.18.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.1.1 Mobile/5F137 Safari/525.20",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux;u;Android 4.2.2;zh-cn;) AppleWebKit/534.46 (KHTML,like Gecko) Version/5.1 Mobile Safari/10600.6.3 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)",
       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html）"
   ]
   # 在user_agent列表中随机产生一个代理，作为模拟的浏览器
   user_agent = choice(user_agents)
   return user_agent

3.2 Write download code

def single_download(aid, acc_quality):
    '''单个视频实现下载'''
    # 请求视频链接，获取信息
    origin_video_url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/' + aid
    res = requests.get(origin_video_url, headers=headers)
    html = etree.HTML(res.text)
    title = html.xpath('//*[@id="viewbox_report"]/h1/span/text()')[0]
    print('您当前正在下载：', title)

    video_info_temp = re_video_info(res.text, '__playinfo__=(.*?)<script>&#39;)
    video_info = {}
    # 获取视频质量
    quality = video_info_temp[&#39;data&#39;][&#39;accept_description&#39;][acc_quality]
    # 获取视频时长
    video_info[&#39;duration&#39;] = video_info_temp[&#39;data&#39;][&#39;dash&#39;][&#39;duration&#39;]
    # 获取视频链接
    video_url = video_info_temp[&#39;data&#39;][&#39;dash&#39;][&#39;video&#39;][acc_quality][&#39;baseUrl&#39;]
    # 获取音频链接
    audio_url = video_info_temp[&#39;data&#39;][&#39;dash&#39;][&#39;audio&#39;][acc_quality][&#39;baseUrl&#39;]
    # 计算视频时长
    video_time = int(video_info.get(&#39;duration&#39;, 0))
    video_minute = video_time // 60
    video_second = video_time % 60
    print(&#39;当前视频清晰度为{}，时长{}分{}秒&#39;.format(quality, video_minute, video_second))
    # 调用函数下载保存视频
    download_video_single(origin_video_url, video_url, audio_url, title)</script>

3.3 Write download code

def download_video_single(referer_url, video_url, audio_url, video_name):
    '''单个视频下载'''
    # 更新请求头
    headers.update({"Referer": referer_url})
    print("视频下载开始：%s" % video_name)
    # 下载并保存视频
    video_content = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers)
    print('%s\t视频大小：' % video_name, round(int(video_content.headers.get('content-length', 0)) / 1024 / 1024, 2), '\tMB')

    received_video = 0
    with open('%s_video.mp4' % video_name, 'ab') as output:
        headers['Range'] = 'bytes=' + str(received_video) + '-'
        response = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers)
        output.write(response.content)
    # 下载并保存音频
    audio_content = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers)
    print('%s\t音频大小：' % video_name, round(int(audio_content.headers.get('content-length', 0)) / 1024 / 1024, 2), '\tMB')
    received_audio = 0
    with open('%s_audio.mp4' % video_name, 'ab') as output:
        headers['Range'] = 'bytes=' + str(received_audio) + '-'
        response = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers)
        output.write(response.content)
        received_audio += len(response.content)
    print("视频下载结束：%s" % video_name)
    video_audio_merge_single(video_name)

3.4 Merge downloaded audio and video

def video_audio_merge_single(video_name):
    '''使用ffmpeg单个视频音频合并'''
    print("视频合成开始：%s" % video_name)
    import subprocess
    command = 'ffmpeg -i %s_video.mp4 -i %s_audio.mp4 -c copy %s.mp4 -y -loglevel quiet' % (
        video_name, video_name, video_name)
    subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True)
    print("视频合成结束：%s" % video_name)

3.4 Running test test test

## 4. Summary

好## The video is

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