What are the basic functions of a controller in a microcomputer?

In a microcomputer, the basic function of the controller is to control all components of the machine to work in a coordinated manner; the microcomputer system is a computer system composed of a microcomputer, a monitor, input and output equipment, a power supply and a control panel; equipped with Operating systems, high-level languages ​​and various tool software, etc.

#The operating environment of this article: windows10 system, thinkpad t480 computer.

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In a microcomputer, the basic function of the controller is to control the various components of the machine to work in a coordinated manner.

Microcomputer system is a computer system composed of microcomputer, display, input and output equipment, power supply and control panel. Equipped with operating system, high-level language and various tool software.

From the appearance, the basic configuration of a microcomputer is the main chassis, keyboard, mouse and monitor. In addition, microcomputers are often equipped with printers and speakers. A complete microcomputer system consists of two parts: a hardware system and a software system.

Extended information

The complete computer system includes two parts, namely the hardware system and the software system. The so-called hardware refers to the physical equipment that constitutes a computer, that is, the physical components composed of mechanical and electronic devices that have input, storage, calculation, control, and output functions. The following introduces the various components of the computer host:

(1) Power supply: The power supply is an indispensable power supply device in the computer. Its function is to convert 220V AC into 5V, 12V, 3.3V DC used in the computer. , its performance directly affects the stability of other equipment, which in turn affects the stability of the entire machine.

(2) Motherboard: The motherboard is a platform on which various components in the computer work. It closely connects the various components of the computer together, and each component transmits data through the motherboard. In other words, the important "transportation hubs" in the computer are all on the motherboard, and its working stability affects the stability of the entire machine.

The motherboard is generally a rectangular circuit board, on which are installed the main circuit systems that make up the computer. Generally, there are BIOS chips, I/O control chips, keyboard and panel control switch interfaces, indicator light connectors, and expansion slots. , DC power supply connectors and other components for motherboards and plug-in cards.

(3) CPU: CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the central processing unit, which is the computing core and control core of a computer. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU is composed of arithmetic units, controllers, registers, caches, and buses that implement data, control, and status between them.

As the core of the entire system, the CPU is also the highest execution unit of the entire system. Therefore, the CPU has become the core component that determines the performance of the computer. Many users use it as a standard to judge the grade of the computer.

(4) Memory: Memory, also called internal memory (RAM), is an electronic storage device. It is composed of circuit boards and chips. It is characterized by small size, fast speed, storage when there is electricity, and emptying when there is no electricity. , that is, data can be stored in the memory when the computer is turned on, and all data will be automatically cleared after shutting down. There are four categories of memory: SD\DDR, DDR II, and DDR III, with capacities ranging from 128MB to 8GB.

(5) Hard drive: The hard drive is an external memory and is made of metal magnetic sheets. The magnetic sheets have a memory function, so the data stored on the magnetic sheets will not be lost whether the computer is turned on or parallel. . The capacity of the hard disk is very large, reaching the TB level. The sizes are 3.5 inches, 2.5 inches, 1.8 inches, 1.0 inches, etc. The interfaces include IDE, SATA, SCSI, etc., with SATA being the most common.

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