What are the logic components used in the fourth generation computers?

The logic components used in the fourth generation computers are large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits. The fourth-generation computer refers to computers made after 1970 using large-scale integrated circuits (LSI) and very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI) as the main electronic components. An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device or component, and an integrated circuit with more than 1,000 electronic components on a chip is called a large-scale integrated circuit.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The main logic components of the fourth generation computers use large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits.

• The main logic components of the first-generation computers used electron tubes;

• The main logic components of the second-generation computers used It is a transistor;

• The main logic components of the third generation computer use small and medium-sized integrated circuits;

• The main logic of the fourth generation computer The components are large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits.

The American ILLIAC-IV computer is the first computer to fully use large-scale integrated circuits as logic components and memory. It marks the fourth generation of computer development.

The fourth-generation computer refers to the computer made after 1970 using large-scale integrated circuits (LSI) and very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI) as the main electronic components. For example, the 80386 microprocessor can integrate approximately 320,000 transistors on a single chip with an area of ​​approximately 10mm × 10mm.

Another important branch of the fourth generation of computers is microprocessors and microcomputers developed based on large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits.

Four stages of the fourth generation of computers

The first stage is from 1971 to 1973, with microprocessors including 4004, 4040 and 8008. In 1971, Intel developed the MCS4 microcomputer (CPU 4040, four-bit machine). Later, the MCS-8 model with 8008 as the core was launched.

The second stage is from 1973 to 1977, the development and improvement stage of microcomputers. Microprocessors include 8080, 8085, M6800, and Z80. The initial product is Intel's MCS-80 (CPU is 8080, eight-bit machine). Later, there were TRS-80 type (CPU is Z80) and APPLE-II type (CPU is 6502), which were once popular in the world in the early 1980s.

The third stage is from 1978 to 1983, the development stage of sixteen-bit microcomputers. Microprocessors include 8086, 8088, 80186, 80286, M68000, and Z8000. The representative product of microcomputer is IBM-PC (CPU is 8086). The pinnacle products of this stage were APPLE's Macintosh (1984) and IBM's PC/AT286 (1986) microcomputers.

The fourth stage is the development stage of 32-bit microcomputers starting in 1983. Microprocessors have successively launched 80386 and 80486. 386 and 486 microcomputers are initial products. In 1993, Intel introduced the Pentium or P5 (Chinese translation as "Pentium") microprocessor, which has a 64-bit internal data channel. The Pentium III (also known as P7) microprocessor has become a mainstream product, and the Pentium IV was launched in October 2000.

It can be seen that the performance of a microcomputer mainly depends on the performance of its core device - the microprocessor (CPU).

Expand knowledge

Large scale integrated circuit: LSI (Large Scale Integration), usually refers to the number of logic gates ranging from 100 to 9999 (or 1000 components) ~99,999), an integrated circuit that contains more than 1,000 electronic components on one chip. Integrated circuit (integrated circuit, called integrated circuit in Hong Kong and Taiwan) is a miniature electronic device or component. Using a certain process, the transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, inductors and other components and wiring required in a circuit are interconnected, made on a small or several small semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a tube Inside the shell, it becomes a microstructure with the required circuit functions; all the components are structurally integrated into a whole. It can be represented by the letters "IC" (also with text symbols "N", etc.).

Integrated circuits can be divided into three categories: analog integrated circuits, digital integrated circuits and digital/analog hybrid integrated circuits according to their functions and structures.

Analog integrated circuits, also known as linear circuits, are used to generate, amplify and process various analog signals (referring to signals whose amplitude changes with time. For example, the audio signal of a semiconductor radio, the tape signal of a video recorder, etc.), The input signal and output signal are proportional to each other. Digital integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process various digital signals (referring to signals with discrete values ​​in time and amplitude. For example, audio signals and video signals played back by VCD and DVD).

(Computer related knowledge: windows)

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