What are the logic components used in third-generation computers?

The logic components used in the third generation computers are: medium and small scale integrated circuits. The third-generation computer refers to the third-generation integrated circuit computer, which is characterized by using small and medium-scale integrated circuits to form the main functional components of the computer. The main memory uses semiconductor memory; the logic components use medium- and small-scale integrated circuits (MSI, SSI).

The logic components used in the third generation computers are: medium and small scale integrated circuits.

The third generation computer is the third generation integrated circuit computer (1964-1971). The characteristic is that the main functional components of the computer are composed of small and medium-sized integrated circuits (less than a thousand logic gates integrated on each chip) (written in Spanish as SSI, MSI); the main memory uses semiconductor memory. The computing speed can reach hundreds of thousands to millions of basic operations per second. On the software side, operating systems are getting better and better.

In terms of hardware, the third-generation computer uses medium and small-scale integrated circuits (MSI, SSI) for logic components, and magnetic cores are still used for main memory. In terms of software, time-sharing operating systems and structured and large-scale programming methods have emerged. It is characterized by faster speed (generally millions to tens of millions of times per second), reliability has been significantly improved, prices have further dropped, and products have become generalized, serialized and standardized. Application fields began to enter the fields of word processing and graphics and image processing.

Features

The main functions of the computer are composed of small-scale integrated circuits (hundreds to thousands of logic gates integrated on each chip) LSI (Large-Scale Integration) Components, integrated circuits are logic circuits formed by concentrating multiple electronic components on a substrate of several square millimeters. The basic electronic components of the third-generation computer are small-scale integrated circuits with several to a dozen electronic components (logic gates) integrated on each substrate, and medium-scale integrated circuits with dozens of components on each chip.

The further development of computer software technology, especially the gradual maturity of the operating system, is a significant feature of the third generation of computers. The development of multiprocessors, virtual memory systems and user-oriented application software has greatly enriched computer software resources. In order to make full use of existing software and solve software compatibility problems, serialized computers have emerged. The most influential is the IBM-360 computer series developed by IBM.

Another characteristic of this period is the application of small computers. The PDP-8 machines, PDP-11 series machines and later VAX-11 series machines developed by DEC Company all played a great role in the promotion of computers. Its characteristics are that transistors are used instead of electron tubes; a large number of magnetic cores are used as internal memories, and magnetic disks, tapes, etc. are used as external memories; the size is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, the operation speed is increased to hundreds of thousands of basic operations per second, and the memory capacity is expanded to Hundreds of thousands of words.

When computer language developed into the third generation, it entered the "human-oriented" language stage. The third generation language is also called "high-level language". A high-level language is a programming language that is close to what people are used to. It allows you to write problem-solving calculation programs in English. The operation symbols and expressions used in the program are similar to the mathematical expressions we use every day. High-level languages ​​are easy to learn and have strong versatility. The written programs are relatively short and easy to promote and communicate. It is an ideal programming language. High-level languages ​​were developed from the mid-1950s to the 1970s. Some popular high-level languages ​​have been adopted by most computer manufacturers and solidified in the computer's memory, such as the BASIC language (no less than 128 different BASIC languages ​​are popular, of course Their basic characteristics are the same). In addition to BASIC language, there are more than 250 high-level languages ​​such as FORTRAN (formula translation) language, COBOL (common business language), C language, DL/I language, PASCAC language, and ADA language.

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