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How to replace strings in JavaScript? 3 methods introduced

替换字符串中的文本是 JavaScript 中的常见任务。本文研究几种用 replace 和正则表达式替换文本的方法。有一定的参考价值,有需要的朋友可以参考一下,希望对大家有所帮助。

替换单个字串

通常 JavaScript 的 String replace() 函数只会替换它在字符串中找到的第一个匹配的子符:

const myMessage = 'this is the sentence to end all sentences';
const newMessage = myMessage.replace('sentence', 'message');
console.log(newMessage); // this is the message to end all sentences

在这个例子中,仅替换了第一个 sentence 字串。

替换多个子串

如果希望 JavaScript 能够替换所有子串,必须通过 /g 运算符使用正则表达式:

const myMessage = 'this is the sentence to end all sentences';
const newMessage = myMessage.replace(/sentence/g, 'message');
console.log(newMessage); // this is the message to end all messages

这一次次两个子串都会被替换。

除了使用内联 /g 之外,还可以使用 RegExp 对象的构造函数:

const myMessage = 'this is the sentence to end all sentences';
const newMessage = myMessage.replace(new RegExp('sentence', 'g'), 'message');
console.log(newMessage); // this is the message to end all messages"

替换特殊字符

要替换特殊字符,例如 -/\\^$*+?.()|[]{}),需要使用反斜杠对其转义。

如果给定字符串 this\\-is\\-my\\-url,要求把所有转义的减号( \\-)替换为未转义的减号(-)。

可以用 replace() 做到:

const myUrl = 'this\-is\-my\-url';
const newUrl = myMessage.replace(/\\-/g, '-');
console.log(newUrl); // this-is-my-url

或者用new Regexp()

const myUrl = 'this\-is\-my\-url';
const newUrl = myUrl.replace(new RegExp('\-', 'g'), '-');
console.log(newUrl); // this-is-my-url

在第二个例子中不必用反斜杠来转义反斜杠。

你还知道哪些方法,请留言告诉大家。

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