替换字符串中的文本是 JavaScript 中的常见任务。本文研究几种用 replace
和正则表达式替换文本的方法。有一定的参考价值,有需要的朋友可以参考一下,希望对大家有所帮助。
替换单个字串
通常 JavaScript 的 String replace()
函数只会替换它在字符串中找到的第一个匹配的子符:
const myMessage = 'this is the sentence to end all sentences'; const newMessage = myMessage.replace('sentence', 'message'); console.log(newMessage); // this is the message to end all sentences
在这个例子中,仅替换了第一个 sentence
字串。
替换多个子串
如果希望 JavaScript 能够替换所有子串,必须通过 /g
运算符使用正则表达式:
const myMessage = 'this is the sentence to end all sentences'; const newMessage = myMessage.replace(/sentence/g, 'message'); console.log(newMessage); // this is the message to end all messages
这一次次两个子串都会被替换。
除了使用内联 /g
之外,还可以使用 RegExp
对象的构造函数:
const myMessage = 'this is the sentence to end all sentences'; const newMessage = myMessage.replace(new RegExp('sentence', 'g'), 'message'); console.log(newMessage); // this is the message to end all messages"
替换特殊字符
要替换特殊字符,例如 -/\\^$*+?.()|[]{})
,需要使用反斜杠对其转义。
如果给定字符串 this\\-is\\-my\\-url
,要求把所有转义的减号( \\-
)替换为未转义的减号(-
)。
可以用 replace()
做到:
const myUrl = 'this\-is\-my\-url'; const newUrl = myMessage.replace(/\\-/g, '-'); console.log(newUrl); // this-is-my-url
或者用new Regexp()
:
const myUrl = 'this\-is\-my\-url'; const newUrl = myUrl.replace(new RegExp('\-', 'g'), '-'); console.log(newUrl); // this-is-my-url
在第二个例子中不必用反斜杠来转义反斜杠。
你还知道哪些方法,请留言告诉大家。
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