Use nginx to implement 301 jump to the root domain name of https
基于SEO和安全性的考虑,现在需要进行 301 跳转。以下方法使用 Nginx 作通用处理。
(推荐教程:nginx教程)
实现结果
需要将以下地址都统一跳转到 https 的根域名 https://chanvinxiao.com
http://chanvinxiao.com (不带 www 的 http) http://www.chanvinxiao.com (带 www 的 http) https://www.chanvinxiao.com (带 www 的 https)
301 与 302 的区别
301 是永久重定向,302 是临时跳转,主要的区别在于搜索引擎对此的对待方式
301:搜索引擎会将权重和 PR 值进行转移302:搜索引擎不会进行额外处理
现在是希望搜索引擎认为原地址已经不存在了,完全转移到新地址,所以使用 301
http 跳转到 https
最简单的方法是直接在 sever 中返回一个重定向的地址,中间再加上 301 状态码(否则默认为 302)
server { listen 80; return 301 https://$host$request_uri; }
return 和 rewrite 都属于 Nginx 的重写模块的指令,因为这里不需要对路径进行修改,所以用 return 会比较方便$host 和 $request_uri 都是 Nginx http 模块的嵌入变量,两个变量合并一起就相当于把请求的 http:// 去掉的结果
www 跳转到根域名
这个只需在 https 中作处理,因为所有 http 都跳转到 https 了
server { listen 443 ssl; server_name ~^(?<www>www\.)?(.+)$; if ( $www ) { return 301 https://$2$request_uri; } ...
这里利用了 server_name 的正则匹配功能,在其值前增加 ~ 即可启用,支持 PCRE 语法使用正则是为了确认是否有前缀 www. 以及捕获根域名,生成两个变量,一个是具名捕获变量 $www ,另一个是数值捕获变量 $2if 里面不支持使用数值捕获变量,否则会报错( unknown "1" variable),所以增加了 ?
减少跳转次数
以上设置已经满足了实现结果,但是有一点瑕疵,就是 http://www.chanvinxiao.com 会先跳转到 https://www.chanvinxiao.com, 再跳转到 https://chanvinxiao.com ,进行二次跳转肯定是不如只需跳转一次的,所以最好让其直接一步到位,修改 http 的配置如下:
server { listen 80; server_name ~^(?:www\.)?(.+)$; return 301 https://$1$request_uri; }
在 http 对应的 sever 中,把 server_name 也改为正则模式,并将 $host 用捕获的根域名 $1 取代www 在这里会直接弃掉,所以不需要捕获,使用 ?: 标示实现只分组不捕获,于是后面的根域名就成了 $1这样的结果是不管原来是否带 www,都统一跳转到不带 www 的 https 根域名
总结
以上配置中不需指定特定域名,可方便兼容和移植,使用了 Nginx 的以下特性:
server_name 的正则匹配
return 指令接收状态码和地址
$host 和 $request_uri 嵌入变量
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