


Monitoring ports in shell programming practice (port 80, port 443, etc.)
一般企业用的服务器上面都会跑各种服务,比如nginx、php、mysql、redis、MongoDB等等。一般系统的运行可能会需要多个服务的配合,比如我司的系统需要php、mysql、redis、apache、MongoDB服务。这些服务缺一不可。
所以我们要实时监控这些服务,如果发现有服务出现异常,需要立即告警。这里我们不打算通过进程名来判断服务的状态。我们打算通过端口的监听来判断服务的运行状态。
linux服务器上有一个命令可以用来查看端口状态:netstat。但是在centOS7上,需要先安装net-tools工具,才有这个命令。已经安装这个工具包后,我们来使用netstat命令,看看它会显示哪些信息
# netstat -tlnp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11213/redis-server tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1556/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 984/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:88 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17446/httpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1556/nginx: master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25859/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7138/mysqld
上面显示的信息,不管是端口6379的redis,还是3306的mysql等等,都是运行我司系统必须的服务。然后,我们通过grep命令,过滤掉第一行以及第二行
# netstat -tlnp | grep tcp tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11213/redis-server tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1556/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 984/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:88 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17446/httpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1556/nginx: master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25859/mongod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7138/mysqld
然后再通过awk命令获取第四列的信息。
# netstat -tlnp | grep tcp | awk '{print $4}' 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:22 127.0.0.1:88 0.0.0.0:443 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:3306
最后再通过cut命令获取到端口号。
# netstat -tlnp | grep tcp | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d: -f2 6379 80 22 88 443 27017 3306
通过上面的操作,我们能获取目前服务器端口的情况,然后我们将需要运行服务的端口存放在数组中,然后遍历该数组和拿到的这些信息做对比。
ports="80 88 443 3306 6379 27017" for port in $ports do echo $port done
遍历这些需要监听的端口后,我们来将端口与netstat获取到的信息作对比。我们这里用grep命令来做判断。下面我们给出完整的代码:
#!/bin/bash # 监控服务器端口情况 export LANG=en ports="80 88 443 3306 6379 27017" netstat_info=$(netstat -tlnp | grep tcp | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d: -f2) for port in $ports do flag=$(echo $netstat_info | grep $port) if [ -z "$flag" ];then echo "$port is dead" fi done
对于端口监控的脚本编写还是很容易的。下面我们来测试下该脚本是否能正常监控端口。所有服务都正常的情况下,执行该脚本不会输出任何信息。如果关闭了nginx服务,则应该出现信息。
首先,所有服务都正常的情况下,执行脚本
# ./port.sh # #不会有任何信息出现
现在我们来主动关闭nginx服务,然后再来运行该脚本,查看会出现什么信息
# /etc/init.d/nginx stop Stoping nginx... done # ./port.sh 80 is dead 443 is dead
由此得知,该脚本能正常监控服务器端口情况。日常工作中,经常将上述脚本和定时任务以及告警程序一起使用。将此脚本发到定人任务去,没分钟执行一次,当发现指定端口没有被监听,则触发告警程序。
The above is the detailed content of Monitoring ports in shell programming practice (port 80, port 443, etc.). For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

The five core components of the Linux operating system are: 1. Kernel, 2. System libraries, 3. System tools, 4. System services, 5. File system. These components work together to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system, and together form a powerful and flexible operating system.

The five core elements of Linux are: 1. Kernel, 2. Command line interface, 3. File system, 4. Package management, 5. Community and open source. Together, these elements define the nature and functionality of Linux.

Linux user management and security can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Create users and groups, using commands such as sudouseradd-m-gdevelopers-s/bin/bashjohn. 2. Bulkly create users and set password policies, using the for loop and chpasswd commands. 3. Check and fix common errors, home directory and shell settings. 4. Implement best practices such as strong cryptographic policies, regular audits and the principle of minimum authority. 5. Optimize performance, use sudo and adjust PAM module configuration. Through these methods, users can be effectively managed and system security can be improved.

The core operations of Linux file system and process management include file system management and process control. 1) File system operations include creating, deleting, copying and moving files or directories, using commands such as mkdir, rmdir, cp and mv. 2) Process management involves starting, monitoring and killing processes, using commands such as ./my_script.sh&, top and kill.

Shell scripts are powerful tools for automated execution of commands in Linux systems. 1) The shell script executes commands line by line through the interpreter to process variable substitution and conditional judgment. 2) The basic usage includes backup operations, such as using the tar command to back up the directory. 3) Advanced usage involves the use of functions and case statements to manage services. 4) Debugging skills include using set-x to enable debugging mode and set-e to exit when the command fails. 5) Performance optimization is recommended to avoid subshells, use arrays and optimization loops.

Linux is a Unix-based multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that emphasizes simplicity, modularity and openness. Its core functions include: file system: organized in a tree structure, supports multiple file systems such as ext4, XFS, Btrfs, and use df-T to view file system types. Process management: View the process through the ps command, manage the process using PID, involving priority settings and signal processing. Network configuration: Flexible setting of IP addresses and managing network services, and use sudoipaddradd to configure IP. These features are applied in real-life operations through basic commands and advanced script automation, improving efficiency and reducing errors.

The methods to enter Linux maintenance mode include: 1. Edit the GRUB configuration file, add "single" or "1" parameters and update the GRUB configuration; 2. Edit the startup parameters in the GRUB menu, add "single" or "1". Exit maintenance mode only requires restarting the system. With these steps, you can quickly enter maintenance mode when needed and exit safely, ensuring system stability and security.

The core components of Linux include kernel, shell, file system, process management and memory management. 1) Kernel management system resources, 2) shell provides user interaction interface, 3) file system supports multiple formats, 4) Process management is implemented through system calls such as fork, and 5) memory management uses virtual memory technology.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version
