What layers does the technical architecture of the Internet of Things consist of?

The technical architecture of the Internet of Things consists of the perception layer, network layer and application layer; the perception layer uses RFID, sensors, QR codes, etc. to obtain information about objects anytime and anywhere; the network layer uses various telecommunications networks Integration with the Internet can accurately transmit object information in real time; the application layer processes the information obtained from the perception layer.

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What layers does the technical architecture of the Internet of Things consist of?

The Internet of Things system has three levels.

The first is the perception layer, which uses RFID, sensors, QR codes, etc. to obtain information about objects anytime and anywhere; The second is the network layer, which uses various telecommunications networks and the Internet to Fusion, transmitting object information accurately in real time;

The third is the application layer, which processes the information obtained from the perception layer to realize practical applications such as intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.

What exactly is the Internet of Things?

The Internet of Things, as the name suggests, is the Internet where things are connected. Its core is still the Internet, but it is just an extension and expansion based on the Internet.

Its client extends and expands to any item and item for information exchange and communication. Therefore, the definition of the Internet of Things is to connect any item to the Internet through radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment according to the agreed protocol, so as to exchange information and communicate with each other. A network for intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of items.

Let’s take an example first. For a piece of tomato scrambled eggs we had in a restaurant, we can use Internet of Things technology to start from a simple QR code or 3D code and other barcode technologies, in detail. Know the origin of the ingredients: which farm the tomatoes in this dish come from, who picked them at what time, who tested them, who transported the tomatoes from where to where, their price, brand... Eggs Where and which hen laid the eggs, the health of the chicken, the condition of the entire chicken coop, etc... Everything we want to know about this dish will be clear at a glance.

Next, let’s talk about the Internet of Things in detail.

The Internet of Things refers to the real-time collection of any information through various information sensing equipment, such as sensors, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning systems, infrared sensors, laser scanners, gas sensors and other devices and technologies. Objects or processes that need to be monitored, connected, and interacted, collect their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other required information, and combine with the Internet to form a huge network. Its purpose is to realize the connection between things and things, things and people, and all things and the network, so as to facilitate identification, management and control.

Compared with the traditional Internet, the Internet of Things has its own distinctive characteristics.

First of all, it is the widespread application of various sensing technologies. A large number of sensors of various types are deployed on the Internet of Things. Each sensor is an information source. Different types of sensors capture different information content and formats. The data obtained by the sensor is real-time, and environmental information is collected periodically at a certain frequency and the data is constantly updated. Secondly, it is a ubiquitous network built on the Internet. The important foundation and core of IoT technology is still the Internet, which integrates various wired and wireless networks with the Internet to accurately transmit object information in real time. The information regularly collected by sensors on the Internet of Things needs to be transmitted through the network. Due to its extremely large amount, it forms a massive amount of information. During the transmission process, in order to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the data, it must adapt to various heterogeneous networks and protocols. .

Also, the Internet of Things not only provides sensor connections, but also has intelligent processing capabilities and can implement intelligent control of objects. The Internet of Things combines sensors and intelligent processing, and uses various intelligent technologies such as cloud computing and pattern recognition to expand its application fields. Analyze, process and process meaningful data from the massive information obtained by sensors to adapt to the different needs of different users and discover new application fields and application models.

Rather than saying that the Internet of Things is a network, it is better to say that the Internet of Things is business and applications. Therefore, application innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of Things, and Innovation 2.0 with user experience as the core is the soul of the development of the Internet of Things. It can be widely used in the following aspects:

　1. Intelligent industrial field. Internet of Things systems such as industrial production process control, production environment testing, manufacturing supply chain tracking, and product life cycle testing form a comprehensive management monitoring platform to promote economic efficiency improvement, safe production, and energy conservation and emission reduction.

　2. Intelligent agriculture field. Internet of Things systems such as refined management of agricultural production, monitoring of production and breeding environment, quality and safety management of agricultural products, and product traceability have formed a key agricultural product quality management platform to ensure the safety of agricultural products.

　3. Intelligent environmental protection field. Internet of Things systems such as real-time monitoring of urban atmospheric environment, water quality monitoring in key river basins and lakes, and real-time monitoring of industrial pollution source emissions have formed a real-time monitoring and early warning platform for key areas and industries to improve environmental quality.

　4. Intelligent logistics field. The Internet of Things system covers the entire process of inventory monitoring, distribution management, and safety traceability, forming a cross-regional, industry, and department logistics public service platform to improve logistics efficiency and ensure the safety and controllability of logistics.

　5. Intelligent transportation field. Internet of Things systems such as traffic status perception and exchange, traffic guidance and intelligent management and control, vehicle positioning and dispatching, vehicle remote monitoring and services, etc., form a real-time monitoring and management platform for urban traffic and improve the level of traffic management.

　6. Intelligent security field. Internet of Things systems such as social security monitoring and hazardous chemicals transportation monitoring have formed monitoring and management platforms for key areas and industries, improving the informatization level of public safety management.

So we say that the Internet of Things will be a new trend. It is a further expansion, application and innovation of the Internet.

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