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This article will compare PHP syntax and Go syntax, and show you the differences between PHP syntax and Go syntax. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
#Go is a statically typed compiled language designed by Google. It is somewhat similar to C, but it includes more advantages such as garbage collection, memory safety, structural types, and concurrency. Its concurrency mechanism enables multi-core and network machines to get the most out of them. This is one of GoLang’s best selling points. Additionally, Go is fast, expressive, clean, and efficient. This is why Go is so attractive for developers to learn.
PHP is a dynamically typed language that makes coding easier for newbies. The question now is, can PHP developers switch from a dynamically typed language to a statically typed language like Go? To find out, let’s compare the syntax differences between Go and PHP.
struct
type similar to object
. PHP data type:
boolean string integer // Signed integer, PHP does not support unsigned integers. float (also known as "floats", "doubles", or "real numbers") array object null resource
Go data type:
string bool int int8 int16 int32 int64 // Signed integer uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr // Unsigned integers byte // alias for uint8 rune // alias for int32 float32 float64 complex64 complex128 array slices map struct
Go uses var
to declare global variables and function variables. However, it also supports a shorthand syntax with an initializer, but only within a function. PHP, on the other hand, only supports variable declaration with an initializer.
// 变量声明 // Go // PHP var i int $i = 0 // integer var f float64 $f = 0.0 // float var b bool $b = false // boolean var s string $s = "" // string var a [2]string $a = [] // array // 简短的变量声明 // Go // PHP i := 0 $i = 0 // integer f := 0.0 $f = 0.0 // float b := false $b = false // boolean s := "" $s = "" // string a := [1]string{"hello"} $a = [] // array
// Go i := 42 // Signed integer f := float64(i) // Float u := uint(f) // Unsigned integer // PHP $i = 1; $f = (float) $i; // 1.0 $b = (bool) $f // true $s = (string) $b // "1"
// Go var a [2]string a[0] = "Hello" a[1] = "World" // OR a := [2]string{"hello", "world"} // PHP $a = [ "hello", "world" ];
// Go m := map[string]string{ "first_name": "Foo", "last_name": "Bar", } // PHP $m = [ "first_name" => "Foo", "last_name" => "Bar" ];
Go does not support objects. However, you can use structs
to implement syntax like object
.
// Go package main import "fmt" type Person struct { Name string Address string } func main() { person := Person{"Foo bar", "Sydney, Australia"} fmt.Println(person.Name) } // PHP $person = new stdClass; $person->Name = "Foo bar"; $person->Address = "Sydney, Australia"; echo $person->Name; // 或使用类型转换 $person = (object) [ 'Name' => "Foo bar", 'Address' => "Sydney, Australia" ]; echo $person->Name;
The main difference between Go and PHP functions is; Go functions can return any number of results, while PHP functions can only return one result. However, PHP can emulate the same functionality by returning an array.
// Go package main import "fmt" func fullname(firstName string, lastName string) (string) { return firstName + " " + lastName } func main() { name := fullname("Foo", "Bar") fmt.Println(name) } // PHP function fullname(string $firstName, string $lastName) : string { return $firstName . " " . $lastName; } $name = fullname("Foo", "Bar"); echo $name; // 返回多个结果 // Go package main import "fmt" func swap(x, y string) (string, string) { return y, x } func main() { a, b := swap("hello", "world") fmt.Println(a, b) } // PHP // 返回一个数组以获得多个结果 function swap(string $x, string $y): array { return [$y, $x]; } [$a, $b] = swap('hello', 'world'); echo $a, $b;
// Go package main import ( "fmt" ) func compare(a int, b int) { if a > b { fmt.Println("a is bigger than b") } else { fmt.Println("a is NOT greater than b") } } func main() { compare(12, 10); } // PHP function compare(int $a, int $b) { if ($a > $b) { echo "a is bigger than b"; } else { echo "a is NOT greater than b"; } } compare(12, 10);
According to Golang official tutorial document:
Go's switch and C, Similar in C, Java, JavaScript and PHP, except Go only runs the selected case instead of all subsequent cases. In fact, the break
statement is required after every case in these languages, while in Go it is automatically added. Another important difference is that Go's switch cases do not need to be constants, and the values involved do not need to be integers.
// Go package main import ( "fmt" "runtime" ) func main() { fmt.Print("Go runs on ") os := runtime.GOOS; switch os { case "darwin": fmt.Println("OS X.") case "linux": fmt.Println("Linux.") default: fmt.Printf("%s.\n", os) } } // PHP echo "PHP runs on "; switch (PHP_OS) { case "darwin": echo "OS X."; break; case "linux": echo "Linux."; break; default: echo PHP_OS; }
For loop
// Go package main import "fmt" func main() { sum := 0 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { sum += i } fmt.Println(sum) } // PHP $sum = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { $sum += $i; } echo $sum;
Go itself does not have the syntax of while loop. Correspondingly, Go uses for
loops instead of implementing while loops.
// Go package main import "fmt" func main() { sum := 1 for sum < 100 { sum += sum } fmt.Println(sum) } // PHP $sum = 1; while ($sum < 100) { $sum += $sum; } echo $sum;
PHP uses foreach
to iterate arrays and objects. Correspondingly, Go uses range
to iterate over slices or maps.
// Go package main import "fmt" func main() { colours := []string{"Maroon", "Red", "Green", "Blue"} for index, colour := range colours { fmt.Printf("index: %d, colour: %s\n", index, colour) } } // PHP $colours = ["Maroon", "Red", "Green", "Blue"]; foreach($colours as $index => $colour) { echo "index: {$index}, colour: {$colour}\n"; }
Related tutorial recommendations: "PHP Tutorial", "Go Tutorial"
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