Two ways to install MySQL on Linux

1. Running platform: CentOS 6.3 x86_64, basically equivalent to RHEL 6.3

2. Installation method:

There are two main ways to install MySQL: one is through source code Compile and install by yourself. This feature is suitable for advanced users to customize MySQL and will not be explained here. The other is to install through compiled binary files. There are two ways to install binary files: one is a general installation method that is not specific to a specific platform, and the binary file used is a compressed file with the suffix .tar.gz; the second is to use RPM or other packages for installation. This installation process will automatically complete the relevant configuration of the system, so it is more convenient.

3. Download the installation package:

a. Official download address:

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads

Or download the mirror file:

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html

2. Download the file (Select the corresponding release version according to the operating system):

a. Common installation method

mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

b. RPM installation method:

MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

4. Common installation steps

a.                                                                                                                                                                .              .

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
*可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸:载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

c. Extract the binary file to the specified installation directory, which we specify here as /usr/local

[root@localhost JavaEE]#groupadd mysql
[root@localhost JavaEE]#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
*useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统。

d. The directory structure under /usr/local/mysql/

##Directorybin serverdatadocsmanincludelibscripts

##Contents of Directory

Client programs and the

mysqld

Log files, databases

Manual in Info format

Unix manual pages

Include (header) files

Libraries

##mysql_install_db

share

Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation

sql-bench

Benchmarks

e.     进入mysql文件夹，也就是mysql所在的目录，并更改所属的组和用户。

[root@localhost local]#cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]#chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]#chgrp -R mysql .

f.       执行mysql_install_db脚本，对mysql中的data目录进行初始化并创建一些系统表格。注意mysql服务进程mysqld运行时会访问data目录，所以必须由启动mysqld进程的用户（就是我们之前设置的mysql用户）执行这个脚本，或者用root执行，但是加上参数--user=mysql。

[root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
*如果mysql的安装目录（解压目录）不是/usr/local/mysql，那么还必须指定目录参数，如
[root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql \
         --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql \
         --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data*将mysql/目录下除了data/目录的所有文件，改回root用户所有，mysql用户只需作为mysql/data/目录下所有文件的所有者。
[root@localhost mysql]chown -R root .
[root@localhost mysql]chown -R mysql data

g.     复制配置文件

[root@localhost mysql] cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

h.  将mysqld服务加入开机自启动项。

*首先需要将scripts/mysql.server服务脚本复制到/etc/init.d/，并重命名为mysqld。
[root@localhostmysql]  cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
mysqld
*通过chkconfig命令将mysqld服务加入到自启动服务项中。
[root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --add 
mysqld
*注意服务名称mysqld就是我们将mysql.server复制到/etc/init.d/时重命名的名称。
*查看是否添加成功
[root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld   0:off 1:off        2:on        3:on        4:on        5:on        6:off
i.  重启系统，mysqld就会自动启动了。
*检查是否启动
[root@localhost mysql]#netstat -anp|grep mysqld
tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:3306               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2365/mysqld        
unix  2     [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     14396 2365/mysqld        /tmp/mysql.sock
*如果不想重新启动，那可以直接手动启动。
[root@localhost mysql]#service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
j.       运行客户端程序mysql，在mysql/bin目录中，测试能否连接到mysqld。
[root@localhost mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 2
Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may betrademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
*此时会出现mysql>命令提示符，可以输入sql语句，输入quit或exit退出。为了避免每次都输入mysql的全路径/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，可将其加入环境变量中，在/etc/profile最后加入两行命令：
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
这样就可以在shell中直接输入mysql命令来启动客户端程序了
[root@localhost mysql]#mysql
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 3
Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other namesmay be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

5.       RPM安装步骤

a.       检查是否已安装，grep的-i选项表示匹配时忽略大小写

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

b.     安装MySQL的服务器端软件，注意切换到root用户：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装完成后，安装进程会在Linux中添加一个mysql组，以及属于mysql组的用户mysql。可通过id命令查看：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#id mysql
uid=496(mysql)gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)
MySQL服务器安装之后虽然配置了相关文件，但并没有自动启动mysqld服务，需自行启动：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
可通过检查端口是否开启来查看MySQL是否正常启动：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#netstat -anp|grep 3306
tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:3306               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      34693/mysqld

c.  安装MySQL的客户端软件：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
如果安装成功应该可以运行mysql命令，注意必须是mysqld服务以及开启：
[root@localhost JavaEE]#mysql
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection idis 1
Server version: 5.5.29MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademarkof Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks oftheir respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

d.  RPM安装方式文件分布

Directory	Contents of Directory
/usr/bin	Client programs and scripts
/usr/sbin	The mysqld server
/var/lib/mysql	Log files, databases
/usr/share/info	Manual in Info format
/usr/share/man	Unix manual pages
/usr/include/mysql	Include (header) files
/usr/lib/mysql	Libraries
/usr/share/mysql	Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation
/usr/share/sql-bench	Benchmarks

感谢大家的阅读，希望大家受益良多。

本文转自：https://blog.csdn.net/SuperChanon/article/details/8546254

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