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Homephp教程php手册PHP导入和导出CSV文件实现程序

我们先准备mysql数据表,假设项目中有一张记录学生信息的表student,并有id,name,sex,age分别记录学生的姓名、性别、年龄等信息,代码如下:

CREATE TABLE `student` (  
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,  
  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,  
  `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL,  
  `age` smallint(3) NOT NULL default '0',  
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)  
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

我们还需要一个html交互页面,放置导入表单和导出按钮,代码如下:

<form id="addform" action="do.php?action=import" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">  
    <p>请选择要导入的CSV文件:<br/><input type="file" name="file"> <input type="submit"  
    class="btn" value="导入CSV">  
    <input type="button" class="btn" value="导出CSV" onclick="window.location.href=&#39;do.php?  
    action=export&#39;"></p>  
</form>

选择好本地csv文件后,点击导入,提交到do.php?action=import处理,而点击导出按钮则请求地址do.php?action=export进行数据导出处理.

1.导入CSV

do.php需要根据get过来的参数,分别处理导入和导出过程,php结构如下:

<?php
include_once ("connect.php"); //连接数据库  
 
$action = $_GET[&#39;action&#39;];  
if ($action == &#39;import&#39;) { //导入CSV  
   //导入处理  
} elseif ($action==&#39;export&#39;) { //导出CSV  
   //导出处理  
}
?>

导入CSV处理流程:校验csv文件合法性(本文忽略)->打开读入并解析csv文件中的字段->循环获取各字段值->批量添加到数据表中->完成,代码如下:

<?php
if ($action == &#39;import&#39;) { //导入CSV  
    $filename = $_FILES[&#39;file&#39;][&#39;tmp_name&#39;];  
    if (emptyempty ($filename)) {  
        echo &#39;请选择要导入的CSV文件!&#39;;  
        exit;  
    }  
    $handle = fopen($filename, &#39;r&#39;);  
    $result = input_csv($handle); //解析csv  
    $len_result = count($result);  
    if($len_result==0){  
        echo &#39;没有任何数据!&#39;;  
        exit;  
    }  
    for ($i = 1; $i < $len_result; $i++) { //循环获取各字段值  
        $name = iconv(&#39;gb2312&#39;, &#39;utf-8&#39;, $result[$i][0]); //中文转码  
        $sex = iconv(&#39;gb2312&#39;, &#39;utf-8&#39;, $result[$i][1]);  
        $age = $result[$i][2];  
        $data_values .= "(&#39;$name&#39;,&#39;$sex&#39;,&#39;$age&#39;),";  
    }  
    $data_values = substr($data_values,0,-1); //去掉最后一个逗号  
    fclose($handle); //关闭指针  
    $query = mysql_query("insert into student (name,sex,age) values $data_values");//批量插入数据表中  
    if($query){  
        echo &#39;导入成功!&#39;;  
    }else{  
        echo &#39;导入失败!&#39;;  
    }  
}
?>

注意php自带的fgetcsv函数可以轻松处理csv,使用该函数可以从文件指针中读入一行并解析CSV字段,下面的函数将csv文件字段解析并以数组的形式返回,代码如下:

<?php
function input_csv($handle) {  
    $out = array ();  
    $n = 0;  
    while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 10000)) {  
        $num = count($data);  
        for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {  
            $out[$n][$i] = $data[$i];  
        }  
        $n++;  
    }  
    return $out;  
}
?>

此外在导入到数据库中时,我们采用的是批量插入而不是一条条插入的,因此在构建SQL语句时,要稍作处理,见代码.

2.导出CSV

我们知道csv文件是由逗号分割符组成的纯文本文件,你可以用excel打开,效果跟xls表个一样.

导出CSV处理流程:读取学生信息表->循环记录构建逗号分隔的字段信息->设置header信息->导出文件(下载)到本地,代码如下:

<?php
if ($action==&#39;export&#39;) { //导出CSV  
    $result = mysql_query("select * from student order by id asc");  
    $str = "姓名,性别,年龄\n";  
    $str = iconv(&#39;utf-8&#39;,&#39;gb2312&#39;,$str);  
    while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result)){  
        $name = iconv(&#39;utf-8&#39;,&#39;gb2312&#39;,$row[&#39;name&#39;]); //中文转码  
        $sex = iconv(&#39;utf-8&#39;,&#39;gb2312&#39;,$row[&#39;sex&#39;]);  
        $str .= $name.",".$sex.",".$row[&#39;age&#39;]."\n"; //用引文逗号分开  
    }  
    $filename = date(&#39;Ymd&#39;).&#39;.csv&#39;; //设置文件名  
    export_csv($filename,$str); //导出  
}
?>

要将数据导出到本地即下在,需要修改header信息,代码如下:

<?php
function export_csv($filename,$data) {  
    header("Content-type:text/csv");  
    header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=".$filename);  
    header(&#39;Cache-Control:must-revalidate,post-check=0,pre-check=0&#39;);  
    header(&#39;Expires:0&#39;);  
    header(&#39;Pragma:public&#39;);  
    echo $data;  
}
?>

注意导入和导出的过程中,因为我们使用的是统一UTF-8编码,遇到中文字符一定要记得转码,否则可能会出现中文乱码的情况.


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