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Home  >  Article  >  Backend Development  >  How to install PHP7 and its extensions?

How to install PHP7 and its extensions?

青灯夜游
青灯夜游forward
2020-03-31 10:00:503503browse

How to install PHP7 and its extensions? The following article will introduce to you how to compile and install PHP7 and its extensions. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

How to install PHP7 and its extensions?

1. Compile and install PHP

1. Download the source code package and unzip it

Source code package address: http://php.net/downloads.php

Download source code package

current The latest version of PHP is 7.2.9, download php-7.2.9 source code package

##

wget http://be2.php.net/get/php-7.2.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror -O php-7.2.9.tar.gz

Unzip the source code package

Unzip

tar zxf php-7.2.9.tar.gz

Enter the decompressed directory and view the decompressed files

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# ll
总用量 4.1M
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  84K 8月  14 14:26 acinclude.m4
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 309K 8月  14 14:26 aclocal.m4
drwxrwxr-x  2 root root   78 8月  14 14:26 appveyor/
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 1.4K 8月  14 14:26 .appveyor.yml
drwxrwxr-x  2 root root 4.0K 8月  14 14:26 build/
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root  772 8月  14 14:26 buildconf*
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  334 8月  14 14:26 buildconf.bat
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  12K 8月  14 14:26 CODING_STANDARDS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  42K 8月  14 14:26 config.guess
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  36K 8月  14 14:26 config.sub
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 2.6M 8月  14 14:26 configure*
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  46K 8月  14 14:26 configure.ac
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 3.4K 8月  14 14:26 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root   91 8月  14 14:26 CREDITS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  867 8月  14 14:26 .editorconfig
drwxrwxr-x 76 root root 4.0K 8月  14 14:26 ext/
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  21K 8月  14 14:26 EXTENSIONS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  137 8月  14 14:26 footer
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  13K 8月  14 14:26 .gdbinit
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1.8K 8月  14 14:26 generated_lists
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root  581 8月  14 14:26 genfiles*
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 8.7K 8月  14 14:26 .gitattributes
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 4.3K 8月  14 14:26 .gitignore
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 1.2K 8月  14 14:26 header
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  86K 8月  14 14:26 INSTALL
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    0 8月  14 14:26 install-sh
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 3.2K 8月  14 14:26 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 196K 8月  14 14:26 ltmain.sh
drwxrwxr-x  3 root root 4.0K 8月  14 14:26 main/
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root 4.1K 8月  14 14:26 makedist*
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 1.1K 8月  14 14:26 Makefile.frag
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 2.5K 8月  14 14:26 Makefile.gcov
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 7.0K 8月  14 14:26 Makefile.global
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    0 8月  14 14:26 missing
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    0 8月  14 14:26 mkinstalldirs
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  90K 8月  14 14:26 NEWS
drwxrwxr-x  2 root root   96 8月  14 14:26 pear/
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 1.5K 8月  14 14:26 php7.spec.in
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 2.5K 8月  14 14:26 php.gif
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  69K 8月  14 14:26 php.ini-development
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  69K 8月  14 14:26 php.ini-production
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 6.9K 8月  14 14:26 README.EXT_SKEL
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 5.0K 8月  14 14:26 README.GIT-RULES
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 5.3K 8月  14 14:26 README.input_filter
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 3.4K 8月  14 14:26 README.MAILINGLIST_RULES
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 1.6K 8月  14 14:26 README.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 5.2K 8月  14 14:26 README.NEW-OUTPUT-API
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 7.4K 8月  14 14:26 README.PARAMETER_PARSING_API
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  20K 8月  14 14:26 README.REDIST.BINS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  15K 8月  14 14:26 README.RELEASE_PROCESS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 5.0K 8月  14 14:26 README.SELF-CONTAINED-EXTENSIONS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  15K 8月  14 14:26 README.STREAMS
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 8.0K 8月  14 14:26 README.SUBMITTING_PATCH
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 6.6K 8月  14 14:26 README.TESTING
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 4.9K 8月  14 14:26 README.TESTING2
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 4.2K 8月  14 14:26 README.UNIX-BUILD-SYSTEM
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  115 8月  14 14:26 README.WIN32-BUILD-SYSTEM
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root  84K 8月  14 14:26 run-tests.php*
drwxrwxr-x 10 root root  110 8月  14 14:26 sapi/
drwxrwxr-x  4 root root   99 8月  14 14:26 scripts/
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root 2.1K 8月  14 14:26 server-tests-config.php*
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root  52K 8月  14 14:26 server-tests.php*
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root  108 8月  14 14:26 snapshot*
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root   10 8月  14 14:26 stamp-h.in
drwxrwxr-x 10 root root  133 8月  14 14:26 tests/
drwxrwxr-x  3 root root   33 8月  14 14:26 travis/
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 1.9K 8月  14 14:26 .travis.yml
drwxrwxr-x  3 root root 4.0K 8月  14 14:26 TSRM/
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root  15K 8月  14 14:26 UPGRADING
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root 3.3K 8月  14 14:26 UPGRADING.INTERNALS
-rwxrwxr-x  1 root root  159 8月  14 14:26 vcsclean*
drwxrwxr-x  3 root root 4.0K 8月  14 14:26 win32/
drwxrwxr-x  3 root root 8.0K 8月  14 14:26 Zend/

2. 编译安装

首先安装PHP编译安装所必须的软件

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# yum -y install gcc gcc++ libxml2-devel libicu-devel

configure指定安装目录，启用fpm

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --enable-fpm

编译安装

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# make && make install
...省略...
Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718/
Installing PHP CLI binary:        /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page:      /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary:        /usr/local/php7/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM defconfig:     /usr/local/php7/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page:      /usr/local/php7/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page:   /usr/local/php7/php/php/fpm/
Installing phpdbg binary:         /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing phpdbg man page:       /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary:        /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page:      /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment:     /usr/local/php7/lib/php/build/
Installing header files:          /usr/local/php7/include/php/
Installing helper programs:       /usr/local/php7/bin/
  program: phpize
  program: php-config
Installing man pages:             /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
  page: phpize.1
  page: php-config.1
Installing PEAR environment:      /usr/local/php7/lib/php/
[PEAR] Archive_Tar    - installed: 1.4.3
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.1
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1
[PEAR] XML_Util       - installed: 1.4.2
[PEAR] PEAR           - installed: 1.10.5
Warning! a PEAR user config file already exists from a previous PEAR installation at '/root/.pearrc'. You may probably want to remove it.
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php7/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php7/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:           /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/

3. 为php命令建立软链接，加入到环境变量中

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/php /usr/local/bin/php

4. 创建配置文件，并将其复制到正确的位置

查看PHP基本信息

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# php -ini
phpinfo()
PHP Version => 7.2.9

System => Linux 10.0.2.15 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Mar 6 11:36:42 UTC 2015 x86_64
Build Date => Aug 17 2018 09:09:29
Configure Command =>  './configure'  '--prefix=/usr/local/php7' '--enable-fpm'
Server API => Command Line Interface
Virtual Directory Support => disabled
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/php7/lib
Loaded Configuration File => (none)
Scan this dir for additional .ini files => (none)
Additional .ini files parsed => (none)
PHP API => 20170718
PHP Extension => 20170718
Zend Extension => 320170718
Zend Extension Build => API320170718,NTS
PHP Extension Build => API20170718,NTS
......

将php.ini复制到 Configuration File (php.ini) Path

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini

5. 配置php-fpm

为php-fpm命令建立软链接，加入到环境变量中

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]$ ln -s /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm

复制php配置文件目录下的 php-fpm.conf.default，并重命名为 php-fpm.conf

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf

复制php配置文件目录下的 php-fpm.d/www.conf.default，并重命名为 php-fpm.d/www.conf

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

编辑 php-fpm.d/www.conf，设置 php-fpm 模块使用 www-data 用户和 www-data 用户组的身份运行。

vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

user = www-data
group = www-data

需要着重提醒的是，如果文件不存在，则阻止 Nginx 将请求发送到后端的 PHP-FPM 模块， 以避免遭受恶意脚本注入的攻击

编辑 php.ini，文件中的配置项 cgi.fix_pathinfo 设置为 0 。

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# vim /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini

cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

启动php-fpm

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# php-fpm

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# ss -tlnp | grep php-fpm
LISTEN  0  128  127.0.0.1:9000  *:*  users:(("php-fpm",pid=4689,fd=5),("php-fpm",pid=4688,fd=5),("php-fpm",pid=4687,fd=7))

6. 配置 Nginx 使其支持 PHP 应用

[root/etc/nginx]# vim conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen 80;

    root /vagrant;

    location / {
        index  index.php;
    }

    location ~* \.php$ {
        fastcgi_index   index.php;
        fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
        include       fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
    }
}

创建 /vagrant/index.php，并填入 <?="Hello world!";

[root/etc/nginx]# echo &#39;<?="Hello world!";&#39; > /vagrant/index.php

[root/etc/nginx]# cat /vagrant/index.php
<?="Hello world!";

启动nginx

[root/etc/nginx]# nginx

[root/etc/nginx]# ss -tlnp | grep nginx
LISTEN  0  128  *:80  *:*  users:(("nginx",pid=4725,fd=6),("nginx",pid=4724,fd=6))

7. 访问 curl localhost，输出 Hello world!，说明PHP + Nginx安装成功

[root/etc/nginx]# curl localhost
Hello world!

二、编译安装PHP扩展

1. php扩展安装流程

从 pecl.php.net 查找需要的扩展

选择扩展的版本（注意查看扩展版本与PHP版本的兼容性）

解压缩下载的文件

判断文件的安装类型

> 直装：（解压出来就是 .so 文件），直接复制文件到扩展目录，在php.ini中开启相应的扩展即可
> 编译安装：需要先进行编译，再复制文件到扩展目录，在php.ini中开启相应的扩展

2. 编译安装步骤

在解压缩的扩展目录下执行phpize

若 phpize 没有加入到环境变量，则需要使用绝对路径。例如 /usr/local/php7/bin/phpize。
phpize是用来扩展php扩展模块的。
通过phpize可以建立php的外挂模块。

configure 配置编译参数

主要是配置php配置文件参数，例如：

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php7/bin/php-config

若配置编译参数执行过程中出现错误，则需要安装 autoconf。
autoconf可以自动地配置软件源代码。

contos/redhat：yum install autoconf
ubuntu：apt-get install autoconf

编译安装

make && make install

复制 .so 扩展文件到PHP扩展目录（若已经自动复制，则忽略）

在php.ini中开启扩展，配置相应的扩展参数

3. 安装redis扩展实例

php -m查看已安装的php扩展

[root/usr/local/src/php-7.2.9]# php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
date
dom
fileinfo
filter
hash
iconv
json
libxml
pcre
PDO
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
SPL
sqlite3
standard
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter

[Zend Modules]

从 pecl.php.net 下载 redis-4.1.1 扩展，并解压缩

[root/usr/local/src]# wget https://pecl.php.net/get/redis-4.1.1.tgz
--2018-08-17 10:00:41--  https://pecl.php.net/get/redis-4.1.1.tgz
正在解析主机 pecl.php.net (pecl.php.net)... 104.236.228.160
正在连接 pecl.php.net (pecl.php.net)|104.236.228.160|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：220894 (216K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “redis-4.1.1.tgz”

100%[========================================================================================================================================================================>] 220,894      192KB/s 用时 1.1s

2018-08-17 10:00:44 (192 KB/s) - 已保存 “redis-4.1.1.tgz” [220894/220894])

[root/usr/local/src]# tar zxf redis-4.1.1.tgz

[root/usr/local/src]# cd redis-4.1.1

在解压缩的扩展目录下执行phpize

[root/usr/local/src/redis-4.1.1]# /usr/local/php7/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20170718
Zend Module Api No:      20170718
Zend Extension Api No:   320170718

configure 配置编译参数

[root/usr/local/src/redis-4.1.1]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php7/bin/php-config

编译安装

[root/usr/local/src/redis-4.1.1]# make && make install

查看编译好的扩展文件 redis.so，已经自动复制到php扩展目录下

[root/usr/local/src/redis-4.1.1]# ll /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718/
总用量 7.1M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.5M 8月  17 09:15 opcache.a*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.9M 8月  17 09:15 opcache.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.8M 8月  17 10:06 redis.so*

编辑 php.ini，添加 extension=redis

[root/usr/local/src/redis-4.1.1]# vim /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini

extension=redis

此时再使用php -m查看已安装的php扩展，redis已经在扩展列表中

[root/usr/local/src/redis-4.1.1]# php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
date
dom
fileinfo
filter
hash
iconv
json
libxml
pcre
PDO
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
redis
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
SPL
sqlite3
standard
tokenizer
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter

[Zend Modules]

3. 安装xdebug扩展实例

从 pecl.php.net 下载 xdebug-2.6.1 扩展，并解压缩

[root/usr/local/src]# wget https://pecl.php.net/get/xdebug-2.6.1.tgz

[root/usr/local/src]# tar zxf xdebug-2.6.1.tgz

[root/usr/local/src]# cd xdebug-2.6.1

在解压缩的扩展目录下执行phpize

[root/usr/local/src/xdebug-2.6.1]# /usr/local/php7/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20170718
Zend Module Api No:      20170718
Zend Extension Api No:   320170718

configure 配置编译参数

[root/usr/local/src/xdebug-2.6.1]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php7/bin/php-config

编译安装

[root/usr/local/src/xdebug-2.6.1]# make && make install

查看编译好的扩展文件 redis.so，已经自动复制到php扩展目录下

[root/usr/local/src/xdebug-2.6.1]# ll /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718/
总用量 8.4M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3.5M 8月  17 09:15 opcache.a*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.9M 8月  17 09:15 opcache.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.8M 8月  17 10:06 redis.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1.3M 8月  17 11:16 xdebug.so*

编辑 php.ini，添加 zend_extension=xdebug

[root/usr/local/src/xdebug-2.6.1]# vim /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini

zend_extension=xdebug

此时再使用php -m查看已安装的php扩展，xdebug已经在扩展列表中

[root/usr/local/src/xdebug-2.6.1]# php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
date
dom
fileinfo
filter
hash
iconv
json
libxml
pcre
PDO
pdo_sqlite
Phar
posix
redis
Reflection
session
SimpleXML
SPL
sqlite3
standard
tokenizer
xdebug
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter

[Zend Modules]
Xdebug

本文转载自：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000016080151

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