What does compilation and installation in linux system mean?

Compilation: Convert source code into machine executable code files.

Installation: Install the executable file into the operating system before it can be used.

To run the source code, it must first be converted into binary machine code. This is the compiler's job.

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For example, the following source code (assuming the file name is test.c).

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
  fputs("Hello, world!\n", stdout);
  return 0;
}

It needs to be processed by the compiler before it can be run.

$ gcc test.c
$ ./a.out
Hello, world!

For complex projects, the compilation process must be divided into three steps.

$ ./configure
$ make  
$ make install

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