Understand what encapsulation is in java

In object-oriented programming methods, encapsulation (English: Encapsulation) refers to a method of partially packaging and hiding the implementation details of an abstract functional interface .

Encapsulation can be thought of as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data of the class from being randomly accessed by code defined by the external class.                                 (Recommended learning: java course)

To access the code and data of this class, strict interface control must be passed.

The main function of encapsulation is that we can modify our own implementation code without modifying the program fragments that call our code.

Proper encapsulation can make the program code easier to understand and maintain, and also enhance the security of the program code.

Advantages of encapsulation

1. Good encapsulation can reduce coupling.

2. The structure inside the class can be modified freely.

3. Member variables can be more precisely controlled.

4. Hide information and implement details.

Steps to implement Java encapsulation

1. Modify the visibility of the property to restrict access to the property (generally restricted to private), for example:

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
}

In this code, the name and age attributes are set to private, which can only be accessed by this class and not by other classes, thus hiding the information.

2. Provide external public method access to each value attribute, that is, create a pair of assignment methods for access to private attributes, for example:

public class Person{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public int getAge(){
      return age;
    }
    public String getName(){
      return name;
    }
    public void setAge(int age){
      this.age = age;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
      this.name = name;
    }
}

The this keyword is used to resolve the conflict of the same name between the instance variable (private String name) and the local variable (name variable in setName(String name)).

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