Linux files cannot be deleted

Linux file cannot be deleted

Normal deletion

If the file If it belongs to the current user, then use the rm command to delete it

rm -rf file.sh

If it cannot be deleted, try to delete it using the root user. If it cannot be deleted, please see the instructions below.

Commands you need to know

If the ordinary deletion method does not work, then we need to know the following command to delete it

lsattr

lsattr command is used To display the attributes of a file, the usage method is as follows

# 列出 file.sh 文件的属性
lsattr file.sh
# 列出当前目录下所有文件以及文件夹的属性
lsattr

Attribute description

i After the attribute is set, the file cannot be deleted, renamed, and the connection cannot be written or To add data, only the root user can set

a. After the attribute is set, the file can only add data, and the data cannot be deleted or modified. Only the root user can set

A. After setting the A attribute, If you access this file or directory, its access time atime will not be modified, which can prevent machines with slow I/O from excessive disk access. This helps on slower computers.

s After the attribute is set, if the file is deleted, it will be completely deleted from the hard disk

S ​​After the attribute is set, the file will be written to the hard disk synchronously (usually asynchronously) u After the attribute is set, the file will be deleted After the data content is still in the disk, you can retrieve the file

e means that the file is an executable file

chattr

chattr is used to modify the file Attribute, please switch to the root user to use this command. If it is an ubuntu user, you can add sudo before the command to modify it

# 为 file.sh 文件增加 i 标识
chattr +i file.sh
# 为 file.sh 文件去除 i 标识
chattr -i file.sh
# 为 file.sh 增加 i, a 两个标识
chattr +ia file.sh
# 为 file.sh 文件移除 i, a 两个标识
chattr -ia file.sh

Actual operation

As learned from the above When the file sets either attribute i or a, we cannot delete the file, so we first remove the i, a attributes, and then perform the deletion:

# 移除 i, a 属性
chattr -ia file.sh
# 查看是否移除成功
lsattr file.sh
# 移除文件
rm -rf file.sh

If the file has not been deleted successfully, we need to consider Whether the folder to which the file belongs has the i or a attribute set (this is really hard to find)

# 退回上一级
cd ..
# 直接使用 lsattr 命令，这样可以列出当前文件夹下所有文件和文件夹的属性
# 不要使用 lsattr 文件夹 这样的语法，这样是列出该文件夹下的文件的属性lsattr

If the folder is set, remove the attribute of the folder, and then delete the File

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