Linux is free and open source. It is based on Unix. It is a multi-user and multi-tasking operating system. Anyone can modify its code and pages. , the main purpose is to avoid commercial restrictions, and deploying the server on a Linux system will be more efficient, stable and secure. (Recommended learning: linux operation and maintenance)
Note: UNIX operating system (Eunice) is a powerful multi-user, multi-task operation The system supports multiple processor architectures
Linux was originally designed by Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, as a personal hobby in 1991. It officially adopted the GPL protocol in 1994.
GPL: General Public License, which ensures that software is free to all users and anyone can modify the software code. It is applicable to most free software foundations.
GUN: It is a software collection system. Many softwares in GUN were collected into Linux, and the current Linux was born.
Linux version branches: Fedora Core: It is one of the many distributions of Linux. It is an open and innovative operating system platform. Its predecessor is Red Hat Linux, which allows anyone to freely modify and redistribute it. It is managed and controlled by the Fedora Foundation. Due to the poor stability of Fedora, it is generally only used for desktop applications.
Debian: Born in 1993, it is jointly maintained by many developers. It is currently the system that most abides by the Linux GPL agreement. Because it is text-based, the operation is cumbersome and the use process is particularly annoying. It is relatively simple. In other words, as a server platform, Debian is known for its stability.
Linux has the program interface and operation method of the Unix system, and also inherits the stability and efficiency of Unix.
It is common for a host with Linux installed on the network to run continuously for more than a year without crashing or shutting down. However, Linux does not have to bear huge copyright fees like ordinary Unix, and it does not It needs to be used on dedicated expensive hardware;
Linux can be executed on a general i386 PC and has high performance. It naturally absorbs the program resources and users accumulated on Unix over the past few decades. In addition, the copyright of GPL allows everyone to freely distribute the source code of Linux and modify the program according to their own needs, making Linux a very popular multi-person multi-tasking, free, stable, high-efficiency, and can be used on i386, etc. , Sparc, Alpha, Mips, PPC and other operating systems that execute on many different computer system platforms.
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MaintenanceModeinLinuxisaspecialbootenvironmentforcriticalsystemmaintenancetasks.Itallowsadministratorstoperformtaskslikeresettingpasswords,repairingfilesystems,andrecoveringfrombootfailuresinaminimalenvironment.ToenterMaintenanceMode,interrupttheboo

The core components of Linux include kernel, file system, shell, user and kernel space, device drivers, and performance optimization and best practices. 1) The kernel is the core of the system, managing hardware, memory and processes. 2) The file system organizes data and supports multiple types such as ext4, Btrfs and XFS. 3) Shell is the command center for users to interact with the system and supports scripting. 4) Separate user space from kernel space to ensure system stability. 5) The device driver connects the hardware to the operating system. 6) Performance optimization includes tuning system configuration and following best practices.

The five basic components of the Linux system are: 1. Kernel, 2. System library, 3. System utilities, 4. Graphical user interface, 5. Applications. The kernel manages hardware resources, the system library provides precompiled functions, system utilities are used for system management, the GUI provides visual interaction, and applications use these components to implement functions.

Linux maintenance mode can be entered through the GRUB menu. The specific steps are: 1) Select the kernel in the GRUB menu and press 'e' to edit, 2) Add 'single' or '1' at the end of the 'linux' line, 3) Press Ctrl X to start. Maintenance mode provides a secure environment for tasks such as system repair, password reset and system upgrade.

The steps to enter Linux recovery mode are: 1. Restart the system and press the specific key to enter the GRUB menu; 2. Select the option with (recoverymode); 3. Select the operation in the recovery mode menu, such as fsck or root. Recovery mode allows you to start the system in single-user mode, perform file system checks and repairs, edit configuration files, and other operations to help solve system problems.

The core components of Linux include the kernel, file system, shell and common tools. 1. The kernel manages hardware resources and provides basic services. 2. The file system organizes and stores data. 3. Shell is the interface for users to interact with the system. 4. Common tools help complete daily tasks.

The basic structure of Linux includes the kernel, file system, and shell. 1) Kernel management hardware resources and use uname-r to view the version. 2) The EXT4 file system supports large files and logs and is created using mkfs.ext4. 3) Shell provides command line interaction such as Bash, and lists files using ls-l.

The key steps in Linux system management and maintenance include: 1) Master the basic knowledge, such as file system structure and user management; 2) Carry out system monitoring and resource management, use top, htop and other tools; 3) Use system logs to troubleshoot, use journalctl and other tools; 4) Write automated scripts and task scheduling, use cron tools; 5) implement security management and protection, configure firewalls through iptables; 6) Carry out performance optimization and best practices, adjust kernel parameters and develop good habits.


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