What are the benefits of introducing multiprogramming technology into the operating system?

What are the benefits of introducing multiprogramming technology into the operating system? Let me introduce it to you below:

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(1) Improve CPU utilization. When there is only one program stored in the memory, whenever the program issues an I/O request while it is running, the CPU is idle and must continue to run after its I/O is completed. In particular, the low speed of I/O devices significantly reduces CPU utilization. After the introduction of multiprogramming technology, several programs can be loaded into the memory at the same time and executed alternately. In this way, when the running program is suspended due to I/O, the system can schedule another program to run. , thus keeping the CPU busy.

(2) It can improve memory and I/O device utilization. In order to be able to run larger jobs, the memory usually has a larger capacity. However, since more than 80% of the jobs are small and medium-sized, it will inevitably cause a waste of memory in a single-program environment. Similarly, the various types of I/O devices configured in the system cannot be fully utilized in a single-program environment. If multiple programs are allowed to be loaded into the memory and allowed to execute concurrently, memory utilization and I/O device utilization will undoubtedly be greatly improved.

(3) Increase system throughput. While keeping the CPU and I/O devices constantly busy, the throughput of the system will inevitably be greatly improved, thereby reducing the cost of job processing.

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