


下面给大家总结介绍Linux 基本操作命令,希望对需要的朋友有所帮助,更多Linux使用教程请访问Linux视频教程进行学习!
Linux 基本操作命令
文件和目录管理
创建和删除
创建:mkdir
删除:rm
删除非空目录:rm -rf file 目录
删除日志 rm log (等价: $find ./-name “log” -exec rm {} ; )
移动:mv
复制:cp (复制目录:cp -r)
创建文件 touch
查看
显示当前目录下的文件 ls
按时间排序,以列表的方式显示目录项 ls -lrt
ls -l
查看文件内容 cat 可以加 more 、less 控制输出的内容的大小
cat a.text cat a.text | more cat a.text| less
权限
改变文件的拥有者 chown
改变文件读、写、执行等属性 chmod
递归子目录修改: chown -R tuxapp source/
增加脚本可执行权限: chmod a+x myscript
管道和重定向
把前一个命令的执行结果当做后一个命令的输入 |
串联:使用分号 ;
前面成功,则执行后面一条,否则,不执行: &&
前面失败,则后一条执行: ||
ls /proc && echo suss! || echo failed.
文本处理
文件查找 find
find 参数很多,本文只介绍几个常用的
-name 按名字查找
-type 按类型
-atime 访问时间
find . -atime 7 -type f -print find . -type d -print //只列出所有目录 find / -name "hello.c" 查找hello.c文件
文本查找 grep
grep match_patten file // 默认访问匹配行
常用参数
-o 只输出匹配的文本行 VS -v 只输出没有匹配的文本行
-c 统计文件中包含文本的次数
grep -c “text” filename
-n 打印匹配的行号
-i 搜索时忽略大小写
-l 只打印文件名
grep "class" . -R -n # 在多级目录中对文本递归搜索(程序员搜代码的最爱) cat LOG.* | tr a-z A-Z | grep "FROM " | grep "WHERE" > b #将日志中的所有带where条件的sql查找查找出来
文本替换 sed
sed [options] 'command' file(s)
首处替换
sed 's/text/replace_text/' file //替换每一行的第一处匹配的text
全局替换
sed 's/text/replace_text/g' file
默认替换后,输出替换后的内容,如果需要直接替换原文件,使用 -i:
sed -i 's/text/repalce_text/g' file
移除空白行
sed '/^$/d' file
sed 's/book/books/' file #替换文本中的字符串: sed 's/book/books/g' file sed '/^$/d' file #删除空白行
数据流处理 awk
详细教程可以查看 http://awk.readthedocs.io/en/latest/chapte...
awk ' BEGIN{ statements } statements2 END{ statements } '
工作流程
1. 执行 begin 中语句块;
2. 从文件或 stdin 中读入一行,然后执行 statements2,重复这个过程,直到文件全部被读取完毕;
3. 执行 end 语句块;
特殊变量
NR: 表示记录数量,在执行过程中对应当前行号;
NF: 表示字段数量,在执行过程总对应当前行的字段数;
$0: 这个变量包含执行过程中当前行的文本内容;
$1: 第一个字段的文本内容;
$2: 第二个字段的文本内容;
awk '{print $2, $3}' file # 日志格式:'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' #统计日志中访问最多的10个IP awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)print a[i],i|"sort -k1 -nr|head -n10"}' access.log
排序 sort
-n 按数字进行排序 VS -d 按字典序进行排序
-r 逆序排序
-k N 指定按第 N 列排序
sort -nrk 1 data.txt sort -bd data // 忽略像空格之类的前导空白字符
去重 uniq
消除重复行
sort unsort.txt | uniq
统计 wc
wc -l file // 统计行数 wc -w file // 统计单词数 wc -c file // 统计字符数
The above is the detailed content of Summary of basic Linux operation commands. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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The core operations of Linux file system and process management include file system management and process control. 1) File system operations include creating, deleting, copying and moving files or directories, using commands such as mkdir, rmdir, cp and mv. 2) Process management involves starting, monitoring and killing processes, using commands such as ./my_script.sh&, top and kill.

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