问题场景:
在实现响应式布局的过程中,如何设置字体大小在不同的视窗尺寸以及不同的移动设备的可读性?
需要了解的有:
1.px,em,pt之间的换算关系
1em = 16px
1px = 1/16 em = 0.0625em
////以下用的比较少//////
1em = 12pt
1px = 3/4 pt = 0.75pt
1pt = 1/12 em 0.0833em
1pt = 4/3 px = 1.3333px
2.任意浏览器默认字体都是16px。所有未经调整的浏览器默认尺寸为 1em=16px
3.chrome强制最小字体为12px,即使设置成10px,最终会显示成12px。这点解释了为什么有时候在ie或mozllia里的字体大小与chrome有初入
4.px,em,rem vw,vh,vmin的区别在哪?
px:
相对单位。相对于屏幕分辨率。这就是为什么分辨率越大字体越小的原因所在。那px的优缺点又如何?
优点:比较稳定、精确。
缺点:如果对页面进行缩放,影响文本可读性。可通过使用em作为字体单位解决这个问题。
em:
相对单位。根据基准数值缩放字体大小,是一个相对值,而非具体值。基准值取决于,父级元素所设置的font-size。如果父级元素未设置font-size 依次向上寻找直到根节点。
优点:弥补了px的不足
缺点:过于依赖父级节点,容易出现字体大小重复声明。
rem:
相对单位。相对于根结点html的字体大小。
缺点:避免了em依赖父级元素字体大小
优点:参考系只有一个,根节点字体大小
<span style="font-size: 16px;">html{font-size:100%} //响应式的字体大小相对于根节点变化 @media (min-width: 640px) { body {font-size:1rem;} } @media (min-width:960px) { body {font-size:1.2rem;} } @media (min-width:1100px) { body {font-size:1.5rem;} } </span>
5.为什么根结点字体大小要设置成62.5%?
上面介绍过浏览器默认字体大小为16px,如果想要在不同的页面尺寸下设置字体大小分别为12、14、18px怎么办?
<span style="font-size: 16px;">html{font-size:16px} //响应式的字体大小相对于根节点变化 @media (min-width: 640px) { body {font-size:12/16 rem;font-size:12px; /某些浏览器不支持rem,需要再次使用px 声明font-size/} } @media (min-width:960px) { body {font-size:14/16 rem; font-size:14px; /*某些浏览器不支持rem,需要再次使用px声明font-size*/} } @media (min-width:1100px) { body {font-size:18/16 rem; font-size:18px; /*同上*/} } </span>
难道必须使用 12/16 rem,14/16rem,18/16rem 这种方式来计算字体的相对大小吗?
更简便的方式,在根结点设置字体大小为10px,这样一来在media里可以直接写成1.2rem,1.4rem,1.8rem。 根结点如果设置成10px,那么相对于浏览器默认字体大小为 font-size:10/16 % 即 font-size:62.5%
<span style="font-size: 16px;">html{font-size:10px} //响应式的字体大小相对于根节点变化 @media (min-width: 640px) { body {font-size:1m=1.2 rem;font-size:12px; /某些浏览器不支持rem/} } @media (min-width:960px) { body {font-size:1.4 rem; font-size:14px; /*某些浏览器不支持rem,需要再次使用px声明font-size*/} } @media (min-width:1100px) { body {font-size:1.8 rem; font-size:18px; /*同上*/} } </span>
参考内容:
响应式十日谈:第一日 http://ued.taobao.org/blog/2013/05/rem-font-size/
关于字体大小适配:px rem em的组合使用 http://suqing.iteye.com/blog/2042739
Use legible font sizes https://varvy.com/mobile/legible-font-size.html
Responsive Font Size http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15649244/responsive-font-size
Viewport Sized Typography https://css-tricks.com/viewport-sized-typography/
Responsive Font Size with CSS http://codeitdown.com/responsive-font-size-css/

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