How to take screenshot in python

There are many ways to obtain computer screenshots in Python, as follows:

ImageGrab module in PIL

windows API

PyQt

pyautogui

ImageGrab module in PIL

import time
import numpy as np
from PIL import ImageGrab

img = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(100, 161, 1141, 610))
img = np.array(img.getdata(), np.uint8).reshape(img.size[1], img.size[0], 3)

Using the ImageGrab module in PIL is simple, but the efficiency is a bit low.

windows API

Call the windows API, which is fast but complicated to use. I won’t go into details here because there is PyQt, which is better to use.

PyQt

PyQt is much simpler than calling the windows API, and it has many advantages of the windows API, such as fast speed and the ability to specify the window to be obtained, even if the window is blocked. It should be noted that screenshots cannot be taken when the window is minimized.

First you need to get the handle of the window.

import win32gui
hwnd_title = dict()
def get_all_hwnd(hwnd,mouse):
    if win32gui.IsWindow(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowEnabled(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
        hwnd_title.update({hwnd:win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)})

win32gui.EnumWindows(get_all_hwnd, 0)
 
for h,t in hwnd_title.items():
    if t is not "":
        print(h, t)

The program will print the hwnd and title of the window. With the title, you can take a screenshot.

    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
    from PyQt5.QtGui import *
    import win32gui
    import sys

    hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, 'C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe')
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    screen = QApplication.primaryScreen()
    img = screen.grabWindow(hwnd).toImage()
    img.save("screenshot.jpg")

pyautogui

pyautogui is relatively simple, but you cannot specify the window to obtain the program, so the window cannot be blocked, but you can specify the location of the screenshot. A screenshot takes 0.04s, which is slightly faster than PyQt. Slower, but faster.

import pyautogui
import cv2

img = pyautogui.screenshot(region=[0,0,100,100]) # x,y,w,h
# img.save('screenshot.png')
img = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(img),cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

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