三栏式布局(所谓的圣杯和双飞翼) - 小火柴的蓝色理想-HTML Tutorial-php.cn

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三栏式布局(所谓的圣杯和双飞翼) - 小火柴的蓝色理想

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May 20, 2016 pm 01:49 PM

前面的话

　　常常听说圣杯布局和双飞翼布局，以为是两个很高级的语汇。但实际上，他们只是三栏式布局的两种布局方法而已。本文将介绍三栏式布局的3种思路

思路一: float

【1】圣杯布局

　　圣杯布局使用float、负margin和relative，不需要添加额外标签。.main元素设置padding，为两侧定宽元素留出位置。内容元素设置100%宽度，占据中间位置。而两侧定宽元素通过设置负margin和relative的偏移属性配合，到达相应位置

　　缺点: 并没有实现等高布局；使用了相对定位，扩展性不好

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
body,p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.top,.bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.middle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0 120px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    overflow</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left,.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">    
    position</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> relative</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    margin-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -120px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    margin-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -120px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgrey;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="top"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightblue;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>top<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>  
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="middle"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: pink;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="main"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcoral;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="left"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: orange;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>left<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="right"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightsalmon;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
               <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>right<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>          
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="bottom"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgreen;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>bottom<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>        
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

【2】双飞翼布局

　　双飞翼布局在圣杯布局的基础上，通过为.main元素外添加一层div结构，不使用相对定位。在.main元素上设置margin。两侧的定宽列通过负margin来占据.main元素的margin区域

　　缺点: 并没有实现等高布局，增加了html结构

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
body,p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.top,.bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.middle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">overflow</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.mainWrap</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0 120px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left,.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>    
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgrey;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="top"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightblue;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>top<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>  
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="middle"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: pink;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="mainWrap"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="main"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcoral;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
                <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
                <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>            
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="left"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: orange;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>left<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="right"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightsalmon;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
               <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>right<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>          
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="bottom"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgreen;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>bottom<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>        
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

【3】float + box-sizing + background-clip

　　.main元素的border区域为两侧定宽列的所在区域，实现伪等高效果；设置.main的padding和background-clip来实现元素间隔。两侧元素通过负margin调整到.main元素的border区域

　　缺点: 兼容性不好

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
body,p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.top,.bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.middle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">overflow</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px solid lightgrey</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border-right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px solid lightgrey</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0 20px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    background-clip</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> content-box</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    box-sizing</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> border-box</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left,.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    float</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>    
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin-left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgrey;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="top"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightblue;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>top<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>  
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="middle"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: pink;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="main"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcoral;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>            
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="left"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>left<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="right"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
               <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>right<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>          
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="bottom"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgreen;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>bottom<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>        
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

思路二: absolute

　　设置子元素的top:0;bottom:0;使得所有子元素的高度都和父元素的高度相同，实现等高效果

　　缺点: 需要为.middle元素设置高度，扩展性较差

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
body,p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.top,.bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.middle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    position</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> relative</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 40px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left,.right,.main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    position</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> absolute</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    top</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    left</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 120px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 120px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgrey;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="top"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightblue;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>top<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>  
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="middle"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: pink;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="main"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcoral;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>              
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="left"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightseagreen;"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>left<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="right"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcyan;"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
               <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>right<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>          
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="bottom"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgreen;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>bottom<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>        
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

思路三: flex

　　flex中的伸缩项目默认都拉伸为父元素的高度，可实现等高效果。通过改变伸缩项目的order，可以实现元素顺序调换的效果

　　缺点: 兼容性不高

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
body,p</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.top,.bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.middle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">display</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> flex</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.left,.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.right</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">order</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 2</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    order</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    flex</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0 20px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span>

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> id</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="parent"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgrey;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="top"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightblue;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>top<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>  
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="middle"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: pink;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="main"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcoral;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>main<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>              
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="left"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightseagreen;"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
            <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>left<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="right"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightcyan;"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
               <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>right<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>          
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="bottom"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="background-color: lightgreen;"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>bottom<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>        
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

总结

　　由于限定了主要内容元素在html结构中位于前面，通过css样式改变将其位置调换到中间的前提，所以思路并不是很多。float浮动流的元素可以通过负margin调换位置；absolute绝对定位流的元素可以通过偏移属性调换位置；flex弹性盒模型可以通过order属性调换位置。而处于正常流中的元素除了使用relative外，使用负margin是无法调换位置的，所以table、inline-block等布局方式在此前提下不是很实用。

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