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initial、inherit、unset、revert和all - 小火柴的蓝色理想

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May 20, 2016 pm 01:49 PM

前面的话

　　在CSS中，有4个关键字理论上可以应用于任何的CSS属性，它们是initial(初始)、inherit(继承)、unset(未设置)、revert(还原)。而all的取值只能是以上这4个关键字。本文将介绍initial、inherit、unset、revert和all

initial

　　表示元素属性的初始默认值(该默认值由官方CSS规范定义)

　　兼容性: IE不支持

　　[注意]关于各属性的初始默认值移步至此

<span style="color: #000000;">//display在官方CSS规范中定义的默认值是inline
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.test</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">display</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> initial</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="box"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试一<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>文字<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">br</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试二<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>文字<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

inherit

　　表示元素的直接父元素对应属性的计算值

　　兼容性: IE7-不支持

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.box</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.test</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> inherit</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="box"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试一<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="box"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="in"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
        <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试二<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>        
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

unset

　　unset相对于initial和inherit而言，相对复杂一点。表示如果该属性默认可继承，则值为inherit；否则值为initial。实际上，设置unset相当于不设置

　　兼容性: IE不支持，safari9-不支持，ios9.2-不支持，android4.4.4-不支持

【常用默认可继承样式】

<span style="color: #000000;">color
cursor
direction
font
letter-spacing
line-height
list-style
text-align
text-indent
text-shadow
text-transform
white-space
word-break
word-spacing
word-wrap
writing-mode</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">//内容为测试一的元素和内容为测试二的元素的样式是一样的
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.box</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> red</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.test1</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> unset</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> unset</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="box"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试一<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试二<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span>

revert

　　表示样式表中定义的元素属性的默认值。若用户定义样式表中显式设置，则按此设置；否则，按照浏览器定义样式表中的样式设置；否则，等价于unset

　　兼容性: 只有safari9.1+和ios9.3+支持

all

　　表示重设除unicode-bidi和direction之外的所有CSS属性的属性值，取值只能是initial、inherit、unset和revert

　　兼容性: IE不支持，safari9-不支持，ios9.2-不支持，android4.4-不支持

<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.test</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid black</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 20px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">
    color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> red</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;">
.in</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #008000;">  all: initial;
    all: inherit;
    all: unset;
    all: revert; </span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #008000;">*/</span>
<span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="test"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="in"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>测试文字<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>            
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span>

　　【1】当all:initial时，.in的所有属性都取默认值

border:none;padding:<span style="color: #800080;">0</span>;color:black;

　　【2】当all:inherit时，.in的所有属性都取父元素继承值

border:1px solid black;padding:20px;color:red;

　　【3】当all:unset时，.in的所有属性都相当于不设置值，默认可继承的继承，不可继承的保持默认值

border:none;padding:<span style="color: #800080;">0</span>;color:red;

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