What are the common databases in python?

Database classification

There are three early database models, namely hierarchical database, network database and relational database.

In today's Internet, databases are usually divided into two categories, namely relational databases and non-relational databases.

Relational database

Relational database refers to a database that uses a relational model to organize data, and the relational model is composed of Data organization consisting of two-dimensional tables and their relationships.

Advantages:

1. Easy to maintain: they all use table structure and have the same format;

2. Easy to use: SQL language is universal and can be used for complex queries;

3. Complex operations: Supports SQL and can be used for very complex queries between one table and multiple tables.

Disadvantages:

1. Poor reading and writing performance, especially high-efficiency reading and writing of massive data;

2. Fixed table structure, slightly less flexible;

3. High concurrent reading and writing requirements. For traditional relational databases, hard disk I/O is a big bottleneck.

The current mainstreamrelational databaseare

MYSQL

The most widely used open source, multi-platform relational database The database supports transactions, is compliant with ACID, and supports most SQL specifications.

SQL Server

supports transactions, is compliant with ACID, and supports most SQL specifications. It is a commercial software and requires attention to copyright. And license authorization fee

Oracle

supports transactions, complies with relational database principles, complies with ACID, supports most SQL specifications, has the most powerful and complex functions, and has the largest market share The commercial database with the highest ratio

Postgresql

Open source, multi-platform, relational database, the most powerful open source database, requires a python environment, TimeScaleDB based on postgresql, It is one of the more popular time series databases at present

Non-relational database

Non-relational database is also called NOSQL (Not Only SQL), as a relational database A supplement that can achieve high efficiency and performance in specific scenarios and characteristic problems.

Common non-relational database types include key-value (Key-Value) storage database and document-oriented database (Document-oriented)

Key-value storage database is similar to hash, adding through key, Delete, query, high performance, the advantage is simplicity, easy deployment, high concurrency, the main products are

Redis

open source, Linux platform, key-value key-value type Nosql database, simple and stable, very mainstream, full data in-momory, key-value nosql database positioned as "fast"

Memcaced

An open source, A high-performance caching system with distributed memory objects, which can reduce database load and accelerate dynamic web applications

Document-oriented database is stored in the form of documents, and each document is a collection of a series of data items , each data item has a name and a corresponding value. The main products are

MongoDB

open source, multi-platform, document-based NoSQL database, "most like a relational database ", positioned as a "flexible" nosql database. Suitable for website backend database (fast update, real-time replication), small file system (json, binary), log analysis system (files with large data volume)

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