What kernel is Windows based on?

The Windows kernel is often called the NT kernel, so Windows is based on the NT kernel.

The reason why Windows Performance is one of the most important reasons. The most fundamental factor that brings better stability and performance to Windows XP comes from the NT kernel it uses. (Recommended learning: PHP video tutorial)

Microsoft Windows NT (New Technology) is a network operating system launched by Microsoft in 1993 for workstations, network servers and mainframe computers. It can also be used as a PC operating system. It is tightly integrated with communication services and is based on OS/2 NT. OS/2 was jointly developed by Microsoft and IBM and is divided into Microsoft OS/2 NT and IBM's IBM OS/2. The collaboration later broke up, and IBM continued to provide the previous OS/2 version to the market, while Microsoft changed the name of its OS/2 NT to Windows NT, the first generation of Windows NT 3.1.

The biggest feature of the NT kernel is the good compatibility and stability of the system, which is mostly attributed to the hardware resource virtualization strategy. In the NT kernel, software does not need to write targeted code for each specific hardware. It only needs to use the system's API to use hardware resources. This is different from the DOS and Windows 95/98 (including later versions) Controlling it directly from software makes a big difference. Of course, the price of stability is that using APIs to operate requires far more steps than directly operating hardware resources. This brought higher system requirements to the NT kernel operating system than other civilian operating systems at the time.

The NT kernel has been serving Microsoft's server operating system product line in the past. Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it has become a weapon for Microsoft to compete for market share with other operating systems such as Unix. After Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 3.51 and Windows NT 4.0, the 5.0 version of the NT kernel raised Microsoft's operating system performance and stability to the highest level at the time.

New concepts introduced by Windows NT
(1) NTFS (Windows NT File System): a new file system adopted by Windows NT. It can provide secure access control and fault tolerance. On large-capacity disks, its efficiency is higher than FAT.

(2) Sharing: Set certain permissions for network resources. Without permission, you cannot access network resources.

(3) User Account: If you want to use network resources, you must have a user account. Windows NT requires legal accounts for both users and service programs. An account created specifically for an application or service process is a service account. When the system starts, the service process uses the service account to log in to obtain the rights and permissions to use resources in the system. Ordinary user accounts are provided when users log in and are used by Windows NT to control the user's rights and permissions in the system. They are essentially the same as service accounts.

(4) Domain (Domain): It is the basic unit of data security and centralized management in Windows NT. A network is made up of domains, which have unique names. A domain can be thought of as a system of servers running NT, a group of computers sharing the same account and security database.

(5) Workgroup: A network structure in which resources and system management are dispersed. In a work group, each computer has a peer-to-peer relationship. Each computer can be a server or a workstation.

(6) Rights: Authorize a user to perform certain operations on the system. Rights are used to protect the system as a whole.

(7) Permission: Used to protect specific objects. Permissions specify who can use an object and how.

(8) Security audit: Windows NT will record various security system-related processes that occur on the computer

Windows 10

Windows 10 The initial kernel of the preview version is NT 6.4. Starting from Build 9888, Windows 10 will upgrade the system kernel from NT 6.4 to NT 10.0.

For more PHP-related technical articles, please visit the PHP Graphic Tutorial column to learn!

The above is the detailed content of What kernel is Windows based on?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!