How to download and install software in linux?

Linux is a free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating system. It is a multi-user, multi-task, multi-thread and multi-CPU operating system based on POSIX and UNIX. It can run major UNIX software tools, applications and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits the network-centric design philosophy of Unix and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance. It is very convenient and comfortable to use.

#First of all, when we download the software installation package, we must pay attention to downloading it correctly, and we must download the Linux system.

Secondly, to know how to install software under Linux, we first understand the Linux application software installation package.

Linux software installation packages are divided into three types:

tar package It is packaged using the UNIX system packaging tool tar, such as software-1.2.3-1. tar.gz

rpm package It is a package packaging format provided by Redhat Linux, such as software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm

dpkg package It is a package packaging format provided by Debain Linux, such as software-1.2.3-1.deb.

The naming of most Linux application software packages also has certain rules, which follow:

Name-version-revision-type

For example:

1) software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz means:

Software name: software Version number: 1.2.3

Revision version: 1 Type: tar.gz, the description is A tarball.

2) sfotware-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm

Software name: software Version number: 1.2.3

Revision version: 1 Available platforms: i386, Applicable to Intel 80x86 platform.

Type: rpm, indicating that it is an rpm package.

Contents in the installation package:

A Linux application package can contain two different contents:

One is Executable files can be run directly after unpacking. All software packages in Windows are of this type. After installing the program, you can use it, but you cannot see the source program. And when downloading, please pay attention to whether the software is for the platform you are using, otherwise it will not be installed normally.

The other is the source program, that is, after unpacking it, you need to use a compiler to compile it into an executable file. This is almost non-existent in Windows systems, because the idea of ​​Windows is not to open source programs.

Usually, those packaged with tar are source programs; while those packaged with rpm or dpkg are often executable programs. Generally, a software will always provide installation programs in multiple packaging formats. You can choose according to your own situation.

Installation method:

1) tar package

Extract the file: execute "tar -xzvf package name" The command can complete the decompression and unpacking work in one step

Execute the "./configure" command to prepare for compilation

Execute the "make" command to compile the software

Execute "make install "Complete the software installation

Execute the "make clean" command to delete the temporary files generated during the installation

2) rpm package

The installation of the rpm package includes Two ways:

Method 1: rpm command

Installation: rpm -ivh package name.rpm

Some options:

-i Install software

-t Test installation, not real installation

-p Show installation progress

-f Ignore any errors

-U Upgrade installation

-v Check whether the package is installed correctly

Uninstall: rpm -e software package

It should be noted that the software name is used later, not the software package name

Query: Query the software packages installed on the current system: rpm –qa 'Software package name'

Method 2: yum command

yum (full name Yellow dog Updater, Modified) is a Shell front-end package manager in Fedora and RedHat and SUSE. Based on RPM package management, it can automatically download and install RPM packages from designated servers, automatically handle dependencies, and install all dependent software packages at once, without the need to download and install them again and again. yum provides commands to find, install, and delete a certain, a group, or even all software packages, and the commands are concise and easy to remember.

Installation: yum install package name

Some other uses of yum:

yum list List all installable software list commands

yum updatedata Upgrade the package

yum remove Uninstall the package

yum clean Clear cache

For example:

yum install gcc Install gcc

yum install gcc-c install g

yum install gdb install gdb

3) deb package

Two ways:

dpkg Command

Installation: dpkg –i software package name.deb

Uninstall: dpkg –e software name

Query: Query the software packages installed on the current system: dpkg –l ' Package name'

apt-get command

The apt-get command can only be used for packages in repositories, and cannot be used to process deb packages that you download. To process deb packages that you download, you can only use dpkg. Command

Check the installation path of a certain software:

Check the file installation path: whereis file name

Check the path of the running file: which file name

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