在mysql中,可以使用“CREATE TABLE”语句创建表;其语法格式为“CREATE TABLE ([表定义选项])[表选项][分区选项];”,其中“[表定义选项]”的格式为“ [,…] ”。
创建数据表的过程是规定数据列的属性的过程,同时也是实施数据完整性(包括实体完整性、引用完整性和域完整性)约束的过程。下面本篇文章介绍一下mysql创建表的方法。
基本语法
在 MySQL 中,可以使用 CREATE TABLE 语句创建表。其语法格式为:
CREATE TABLE <表名> ([表定义选项])[表选项][分区选项];
其中,[表定义选项]的格式为:
<列名1> <类型1> [,…] <列名n> <类型n>
CREATE TABLE 命令语法比较多,其主要是由表创建定义(create-definition)、表选项(table-options)和分区选项(partition-options)所组成的。
这里首先描述一个简单的新建表的例子,然后重点介绍 CREATE TABLE 命令中的一些主要的语法知识点。
CREATE TABLE 语句的主要语法及使用说明如下:
CREATE TABLE:用于创建给定名称的表,必须拥有表CREATE的权限。
:指定要创建表的名称,在 CREATE TABLE 之后给出,必须符合标识符命名规则。表名称被指定为 db_name.tbl_name,以便在特定的数据库中创建表。无论是否有当前数据库,都可以通过这种方式创建。在当前数据库中创建表时,可以省略 db-name。如果使用加引号的识别名,则应对数据库和表名称分别加引号。例如,'mydb'.'mytbl' 是合法的,但 'mydb.mytbl' 不合法。
:表创建定义,由列名(col_name)、列的定义(column_definition)以及可能的空值说明、完整性约束或表索引组成。
默认的情况是,表被创建到当前的数据库中。若表已存在、没有当前数据库或者数据库不存在,则会出现错误。
提示:使用 CREATE TABLE 创建表时,必须指定以下信息:
要创建的表的名称不区分大小写,不能使用SQL语言中的关键字,如DROP、ALTER、INSERT等。
数据表中每个列(字段)的名称和数据类型,如果创建多个列,要用逗号隔开。
相信大家应该知道如何进入mysql,这里就不在多说了。
在指定的数据库中创建表
数据表属于数据库,在创建数据表之前,应使用语句“USE”指定操作在哪个数据库中进行,如果没有选择数据库,就会抛出 No database selected 的错误。
例 1
创建员工表 tb_emp1,结构如下表所示。
选择创建表的数据库 test_db,创建 tb_emp1 数据表,输入的 SQL 语句和运行结果如下所示。
mysql> USE test_db; Database changed mysql> CREATE TABLE tb_emp1 -> ( -> id INT(11), -> name VARCHAR(25), -> deptId INT(11), -> salary FLOAT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)
语句执行后,便创建了一个名称为 tb_emp1 的数据表,使用 SHOW TABLES;语句查看数据表是否创建成功,如下所示。
mysql> SHOW TABLES; +--------------------+ | Tables_in_test_db | +--------------------+ | tb_emp1 | +--------------------+ 1 rows in set (0.00 sec)
推荐课程:MySQL教程。
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