A brief discussion on govendor, the Go package dependency management tool

govendor is a Go package dependency management command line tool based on the vendor mechanism. Non-intrusive integration with native vendors, and also supports migration from other dependency management tools. It can easily realize the development and management of different versions of the same package in different projects without mutual intrusion.

vendor features

At the beginning, Go did not provide a more appropriate package management tool. The vendor feature is provided starting from version 1.5, but the environment variable GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 needs to be set manually.

When executing the go build or go run command, the package will be searched in the following order:

• The vendor under the current package Directory
• Search in the upper directory until you find the vendor directory under src
• Search in the GOROOT directory
• Look for dependent packages under GOPATH

When version 1.6 was released, the value of this environment variable was set to 1 by default. This value can be viewed using the go env command.

When version 1.7 was released, this environment variable was removed and the vendor feature was enabled by default.

vendor usage recommendations

• A library project (package that does not contain main) should not store external files in its own version control The packages are in the vendor directory, unless there is a special reason and you know why you want to do this.

• In an application, (package containing main), it is recommended that there is only one vendor directory, and it is located in the code base level directory.

  Related tutorials: go video tutorial

govendor Introduction

govendor is a directory based on vendor Mechanical package management tool.

• Supports analyzing dependent packages from the project source code and copying them from $GOPATH to the vendor directory of the project
• Supported Specify the version of the package, and use vendor/vendor.json for package and version management, which is similar to PHP's Composer
• supports using govendor add/ The update command copies the dependent package from $GOPATH
• If the vendor/*/ file is ignored, you can use govendor sync to restore the dependency Package
• can be directly used govendor fetch to add or update dependent packages
• available govendor migrate from other vendor package management tools One-click migration to govendor
• Supports Linux, macOS, Windows, and even all existing operating systems
• Supports Git, Hg, SVN, BZR (a path must be specified )

govendor Requirements for using

:

• The project must be in the $GOPATH/src directory
• If the Go version is 1.5, you must manually set the environment variable set GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1

Installation

go get -u github.com/kardianos/govendor

For convenience and quick usegovendor , it is recommended to add $GOPATH/bin to PATH. Linux/macOS settings are as follows:

export PATH="$GOPATH/bin:$PATH"

Initialization

Execute the following command in the project root directory for vendor Initialization:

govendor init

In the project root directory, that is The vendor directory and vendor.json file will be automatically generated. At this time, the content of the vendor.json file is:

{
    "comment": "",
    "ignore": "test",
    "package": [],
    "rootPath": "govendor-example"
}

Common commands

• will be referenced and under $GOPATH Copy the package to the vendor directory

govendor add +external

• Copy only the specified package from $GOPATH

govendor add gopkg.in/yaml.v2

• List all referenced packages in the code and their status

govendor list

 e  github.com/gin-contrib/sse
 e  github.com/gin-gonic/gin
 e  github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding
 e  github.com/gin-gonic/gin/internal/json
 e  github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render
 e  github.com/golang/protobuf/proto
 e  github.com/mattn/go-isatty
 e  github.com/ugorji/go/codec
 e  gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8
 e  gopkg.in/yaml.v2
pl  govendor-example
  m github.com/json-iterator/go
  m golang.org/x/sys/unix

• List which packages a package is referenced

govendor list -v fmt

 s  fmt
    ├──  e  github.com/gin-contrib/sse
    ├──  e  github.com/gin-gonic/gin
    ├──  e  github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render
    ├──  e  github.com/golang/protobuf/proto
    ├──  e  github.com/ugorji/go/codec
    ├──  e  gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8
    ├──  e  gopkg.in/yaml.v2
    └── pl  govendor-example

• From the remote Add or update a package to the warehouse ( will not also save a copy in $GOPATH)

govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context

• Install the specified version of the package

govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@a4bbce9fcae005b22ae5443f6af064d80a6f5a55
govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@v1   # Get latest v1.*.* tag or branch.
govendor fetch golang.org/x/net/context@=v1  # Get the tag or branch named "v1".

• Only format the project's own code (no changes in the vendor directory)

govendor fmt +local

• Only build and compile the internal code of the project Package

govendor install +local

• Only test test cases inside the project

govendor test +local

• Build allvendor packages

govendor install +vendor,^program

• Pull all dependent packages to the vendor directory (including $GOPATH existing or non-existing packages)

govendor fetch +out

• The package is already in the vendor directory, but I want to update it from $GOPATH

govendor update +vendor

• has been modified $GOPATH Now I want to update the modified and uncommitted package to vendor

govendor update -uncommitted 

• Fork a package, but it has not been merged yet. What should I do? Referring to the latest code package

govendor fetch github.com/normal/pkg::github.com/myfork/pkg

will now pull the code from myfork instead of normal.

• vendor.json records the dependency package information, how to pull updates

govendor sync

govendor subcommands

each For detailed usage of subcommands, you can check how the source code package is implemented through govendor COMMAND -h or read github.com/kardianos/govendor/context.

##initCreatelistList & filter dependent packages and their statusaddCopy the package from updateUpdate dependency packages to project removefrom statusList all missing, expired and modified packages fetchAdd or update packages from the remote repository to the project syncPull matching packages to the One-click migration from other package management tools based on vendor is similar to go get, Download the package to , and then copy the dependent package to the List all dependencies The LICENSEshell of the package can run multiple govendor commands at one time

Subcommand	Function
	vendor directory and vendor.json file
	$GOPATH to the project vendor directory
	vendor from $GOPATH Directory
	vendor Directory to remove dependent packages
	vendor directory (will not be stored in $GOPATH)
	vendor directory based on vendor.json#migrate
	get
$GOPATH	vendor directorylicense
	govendor Status Parameter

Status

AbbreviationMeaning locallLocal package, that is, the package written inside the project externale The external package is in but not in the project directory vPackages already in the directorysPackages in the standard library excludedxExplicitly excluded external packages unuseduUnused packages, that is, in the directory, but not referenced in the projectPackage that is referenced but not foundThe main program package can be compiled into an executable file Package is equivalent to the status of All packagesThe subcommands that support status parameters are: 、add、

GOPATH	vendor	vendor
vendor		std
vendor		## missingm
	program	p
	outside
external missing		all
		list

update

、remove、fetchGo modulesPudaxiben What's interesting is that starting from Go version 1.11, the official has built in more powerful Go modules to unify the chaotic situation of Go package dependency management for many years (the dep tool previously launched by Go officials was almost stillborn), and will be released in 1.13 It is officially enabled by default in this version. It has been favored and strongly recommended by the community, and it is recommended that new projects use Go modules.

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