How to use mkdir command to create a directory in Linux? (Example detailed explanation)

In Linux systems, users can create new directories from the command line or desktop file manager. The command to create a directory (also called a folder) in Linux is the mkdir command. The following article will introduce you to the basic knowledge of the mkdir command, and let you understand the use of the mkdir command through examples. I hope it will be helpful to you. [Recommended related video tutorials: Linux tutorial]

##Linux mkdir command syntax

The syntax of the Linux mkdir command is as follows:

mkdir [OPTION] [DIRECTORY]

This command can take one or more directory names as its parameters.

Note: To use the mkdir command to create a directory, you need to have write permissions on the parent directory. Otherwise, you will receive a Permission denied error.

How to create a new directory using the mkdir command in Linux?

To use the mkdir command to create a directory in Linux, just pass the directory name as a parameter to the mkdir command:

mkdir newdir

We can use ls The command verifies that the directory has been created by listing the contents:

ls -l

Output

drwxrwxr-x 2 username username 4096 Jan 20 03:39 newdir

If you want the mkdir command to print messages for the created directory, you can pass

-v (--verbose )options.

When only a directory name is provided, it will be created in the current working directory (the current working directory is the directory where the command is run). You can use the pwd command to display the location of the current working directory. To change the current working directory, you need to use the

cd (change directory) command.

To create a directory in another location, the user needs to provide an absolute or relative file path to the parent directory. For example, to create a new directory in the /tmp directory, type:

mkdir /tmp/newdir

If the user attempts to create a directory in the parent directory for which the user does not have sufficient permissions, they will receive the

Permission denied error :

mkdir /root/newdir

Output:

mkdir: cannot create directory '/root/newdir': Permission denied

How to create a parent directory using the mkdir command in Linux?

A parent directory is a directory above another directory in the directory tree. To create a parent directory, use the

-p option.

Suppose you want to create a

/home/linuxize/Music/Rock/Gothic directory. If any of the parent directories do not exist, you will receive an error like this:

mkdir /home/linuxize/Music/Rock/Gothic

Output:

mkdir: cannot create directory '/home/linuxize/Music/Rock/Gothic': No such file or directory

At this point we can use the -p option to create the parent directories instead of creating them one by one All missing parent directories:

mkdir -p /home/linuxize/Music/Rock/Gothic

When using the -p option, the mkdir command only creates the directory if it does not exist.

How to use the mkdir command to set permissions when creating a directory in Linux?

If you want to set permissions when creating a directory, you need to use the

-m (-mode) option. The syntax for passing permissions is the same as that of the chmod command.

In the following example, the new directory will be accessible only by the user who created it:

mkdir -m 700 newdir

If the

-m option is not passed to mdkir, the newly created directory will Has 775 or 755 permissions, depending on the umask value.

How to use the mkdir command to create multiple directories in Linux?

If you want to create multiple directories at once, you need to specify the names of the directories as parameters, separated by spaces:

mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3

The mkdir command also allows users to create complex directories with one command. Directory tree:

mkdir -p Music/{Jazz/Blues,Folk,Disco,Rock/{Gothic,Punk,Progressive},Classical/Baroque/Early}

The above command will create the following directory tree:

Music/
|-- Classical
|   `-- Baroque
|       `-- Early
|-- Disco
|-- Folk
|-- Jazz
|   `-- Blues
`-- Rock
    |-- Gothic
    |-- Progressive
    `-- Punk

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