Java basics: introduction to encapsulation, method overloading, and construction methods (constructors)

This article brings you the basics of Java: encapsulation - method overloading - introduction to construction methods (with code), so that you can have a preliminary understanding of them, and I hope it will be useful to you. help.

1. Encapsulation

• Encapsulation is Hide things you don’t want or shouldn’t tell others, and make things public that you can tell others.
• Method: Modify the access rights of attributes to restrict access to attributes. And create a pair of value methods and assignment methods for each attribute to access these attributes

  class Dog{ 
      String name;//成员变量 
      int age; 
     private char genter;//加private变为私有属性，要提供方法才能在外部进行调用 
       
      public void setGenter(char genter){ 
          //加if语句可以防止乱输入 
          if(genter=='男'||genter=='女'){ 
              this.genter=genter;//this.name,这个name为成员变量
          }else{
              System.out.println("请输入正确的性别");
          }
      }
      public char getGenter(){
          return this.genter;
      }
  
  }
  public class Test1{
      public static void main(String[] args){
          Dog one=new Dog();
          one.setGenter('女');
          System.out.println(one.getGenter());
          
      }
  }

2. Overloading of methods

Method overloading means that a class can define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. When called, the corresponding method will be selected based on different parameter lists.

  class Cal{ 
      public void max(int a,int b){ 
          System.out.println(a>b?a:b); 
      } 
      public void max(double a,double b){ 
          System.out.println(a>b?a:b); 
      } 
      public void max(double a,double b,double c){ 
          double max=a>b?a:b;
          System.out.println(max>c?max:c);
      }
  
  }
  public class Test1{
      public static void main(String[] args){
          Cal one=new Cal();
          one.max(88.9,99.3,120);
          
      }
  }

3. Constructor (constructor)

• Use the new constructor method to create a new Object
• The constructor is a function defined in a java class to initialize the object
• The constructor has the same name as the class and has no return value

  class Dog{ 
      private String name; 
      private int age; 
      Dog(String name,int age){//构造方法，public可加可不加 
          this.name=name; 
          this.age=age; 
          System.out.println("名字："+this.name+"年龄："+this.age);
      } 
      Dog(){
      }
      void get(){//普通方法，public可写可不写
          System.out.println("我是一个普通方法");
      }14 15 }16 public class Test1{
      public static void main(String[] args){
          Dog one=new Dog("小明",26);
          Dog two=new Dog();
          one.get();
          two.get();
              
      }
  }

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