This article brings you a summary of commonly used functions in Mysql. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Aggregation function
AVG(col_name) 平均值:忽略值为null的 COUNT(col_name) 求数量,使用*时不忽略null的行,指定字段时忽略 MAX()最大值: 忽略值为null的行 MIN()最小值: 忽略值为null的行 SUM(col_name) 返回指定列的所有值之和
Mathematics
floor()向下取整 ceil()向上取整 round(,)四舍五入 truncate(,)不四舍五入 mod(,)取余数 abs()绝对值 power(,)次方 pi()圆周率六位 rand()随机数 sign()大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,否则为0 exp() e的几次方
String
char_length()字符数 length()字符串长度 concat()拼接字符串,包含Null,则返回值就是null concat_wa()以指定分隔符拼接字符串 concat_wa(null,'','') 返回null concat_wa('-','a','b',null) 返回a-b upper()=ucase() 转大写 lower()=lcase() 转小写 reverse() 转换大小写 left(,)|right(,)字符串前几个|后几个字符 lpad(x,y,z)|rpad(x,y,z) x按y长度在前|后添加z字符 trim()|ltrim()|rtrim() 去空格 repeat(,次数) 重复指定次数 replace(x,y,z)x字符串把y字符串替换为z substring(x,y,z) x字符串从y开始截取z长度,y从1开始 strcmp(x,y)字符串比较
Date time
curdate()=current_date()当前日期 如:2019-03-01 curtime()=current_time()当前时间 如:19:01:57 now()=current_timestamp()=sysdate()当前日期和时间 如:2019-03-01 19:00:16 month(curdate())当前月份 如:3 monthname(curdate())当前月份的名字 dayname(curdate())周几名字 如:Friday dayofweek(curdate())周几,周天为1 week(now())一年中第几周 year/month/day/hour/minute/second年月日时分秒 datediff() 两个日期相差天数 date_format(日期,"%Y%m%d")
Encryption function
AES_ENCRYPT(str,key) 返回用密钥 key 对字符串 str 利用高级加密标准算法加密后的结果,调用 AES_ENCRYPT 的结果是一个二进制字符串,以 BLOB 类型存储 AES_DECRYPT(str,key) 返回用密钥 key 对字符串 str 利用高级加密标准算法解密后的结果 DECODE(str,key) 使用 key 作为密钥解密加密字符串 str ENCRYPT(str,salt) 使用 UNIXcrypt()函数,用关键词 salt(一个可以唯一确定口令的字符串,就像钥匙一样)加密字符串 str ENCODE(str,key) 使用 key 作为密钥加密字符串 str,调用 ENCODE()的结果是一个二进制字符串,它以 BLOB 类型存储 MD5() 计算字符串 str 的 MD5 校验和 PASSWORD(str) 返回字符串 str 的加密版本,这个加密过程是不可逆转的,和 UNIX 密码加密过程使用不同的算法。 SHA() 计算字符串 str 的安全散列算法(SHA)校验和
Others
version()版本 connection_id()连接数 database()=schema()当前数据库 user()=current_user()=system_user()=session_user()当前用户 last_insert_id()当前表的上一次auto_increment值 md5() password()加密 format(数字,2)千分位表示并只保留两位小数
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Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB

MySQL/InnoDB supports four transaction isolation levels: ReadUncommitted, ReadCommitted, RepeatableRead and Serializable. 1.ReadUncommitted allows reading of uncommitted data, which may cause dirty reading. 2. ReadCommitted avoids dirty reading, but non-repeatable reading may occur. 3.RepeatableRead is the default level, avoiding dirty reading and non-repeatable reading, but phantom reading may occur. 4. Serializable avoids all concurrency problems but reduces concurrency. Choosing the appropriate isolation level requires balancing data consistency and performance requirements.

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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