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This article brings you an introduction to the basic usage of Promise in ES6. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Promise is a solution for asynchronous programming
1.es5 callback
{ let ajax = function (callback) { console.log('run1'); setTimeout(function () { callback && callback.call(); }, 1000); }; ajax(function () { console.log('timeout1'); }); // 结果:立马输出 run1,1秒之后输出 timeout1 // 1.如果过程变得复杂,a()=>b()=>c()=>d()... ,用回调来处理会使代码变得复杂 // 2.代码复杂影响后期维护,很难一眼看出回调之间的顺序问题,代码难以阅读 }
2.es6 Promise
{ let ajax = function () { console.log('run2'); // 返回一个对象(Promise实例),这个实例具有then()方法,就是执行下一步的功能 return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { // resolve表示执行下一步操作 reject表示中断当前操作 setTimeout(function () { resolve(); }, 1000); }); }; ajax().then(function () { // 这个方法对应resolve console.log('timeout2'); }, function () { // 这个方法对应reject }); // 结果:立马输出 run2,1秒之后输出 timeout2 // 结果和es5一样,但是代码可读性、可维护性更高 }
3.The series operation of then()
{ let ajax = function () { console.log('run3'); return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { setTimeout(function () { resolve(); }, 2000); }); }; ajax().then(function () { // 返回Promise实例,通过不断的下一步下一步,实现了串联操作的结果 return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { setTimeout(function () { resolve(); }, 3000); }); }).then(function () { console.log('timeout3'); }); // 结果:立马输出 run3,5秒之后输出 timeout3 }
4.catch method
{ let ajax = function (num) { console.log('run4'); return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { if (num >= 5) { resolve(); } else { throw Error(`出错了,${num}小于5`); } }); }; // catch方法用来捕获异常 ajax(6).then(function () { console.log(6); }).catch(function (err) { console.log(err); }); // 结果:输出 run4 6 ajax(3).then(function () { console.log(3); }).catch(function (err) { console.log(err); }); // 结果:输出 run4 Error: 出错了,3小于5 }
Example: Add all images to the page after loading
{ function loadImg(src) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = src; // onload监听图片加载完成 img.onload = function () { resolve(img); }; // onerror监听图片加载失败 img.onerror = function (err) { reject(err); }; }); } function showImgs(imgs) { console.log(imgs); // [img, img, img] 三个img对象 imgs.forEach(function (img) { document.body.appendChild(img); }); } // Promise.all 把多个Promise实例当做一个Promise实例 // Promise.all(array).then(fn),array对应多个Promise实例,当所有实例状态发生改变时,新的Promise实例才会跟着发生变化 // Promise.all也是返回Promise实例,所以也有.then()方法 // 当三张图片都加载完成,才会执行showImgs,如果其中有图片正在加载,不会执行showImgs,页面上看不到任何一张图片 Promise.all([ loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2530513100.webp'), loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2529571873.webp'), loadImg('https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2395733377.webp') ]).then(showImgs); }
Example: Add one image to the page after loading, and ignore the rest , only the first picture to be loaded is displayed
{ function loadImg(src) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = src; // onload监听图片加载完成 img.onload = function () { resolve(img); }; // onerror监听图片加载失败 img.onerror = function (err) { reject(err); }; }); } function showImgs(img) { let p = document.createElement('p'); p.appendChild(img); document.body.appendChild(p); } // 当某一张图片率先加载完成,执行showImgs显示这张图片,剩余图片不再响应 Promise.race([ loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2530513100.webp'), loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2529571873.webp'), loadImg('https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2395733377.webp') ]).then(showImgs); }
javascript
es6
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Basic usage of PromisePromise is an asynchronous programming solution1.es5 callback
{ let ajax = function (callback) { console.log('run1'); setTimeout(function () { callback && callback.call(); }, 1000); }; ajax(function () { console.log('timeout1'); }); // 结果:立马输出 run1,1秒之后输出 timeout1 // 1.如果过程变得复杂,a()=>b()=>c()=>d()... ,用回调来处理会使代码变得复杂 // 2.代码复杂影响后期维护,很难一眼看出回调之间的顺序问题,代码难以阅读 }
2.es6 Promise
{ let ajax = function () { console.log('run2'); // 返回一个对象(Promise实例),这个实例具有then()方法,就是执行下一步的功能 return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { // resolve表示执行下一步操作 reject表示中断当前操作 setTimeout(function () { resolve(); }, 1000); }); }; ajax().then(function () { // 这个方法对应resolve console.log('timeout2'); }, function () { // 这个方法对应reject }); // 结果:立马输出 run2,1秒之后输出 timeout2 // 结果和es5一样,但是代码可读性、可维护性更高 }
3.Then() series operation
{ let ajax = function () { console.log('run3'); return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { setTimeout(function () { resolve(); }, 2000); }); }; ajax().then(function () { // 返回Promise实例,通过不断的下一步下一步,实现了串联操作的结果 return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { setTimeout(function () { resolve(); }, 3000); }); }).then(function () { console.log('timeout3'); }); // 结果:立马输出 run3,5秒之后输出 timeout3 }
4.catch method
{ let ajax = function (num) { console.log('run4'); return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { if (num >= 5) { resolve(); } else { throw Error(`出错了,${num}小于5`); } }); }; // catch方法用来捕获异常 ajax(6).then(function () { console.log(6); }).catch(function (err) { console.log(err); }); // 结果:输出 run4 6 ajax(3).then(function () { console.log(3); }).catch(function (err) { console.log(err); }); // 结果:输出 run4 Error: 出错了,3小于5 }Promise.all()
Example: add all images to the page after loading
{ function loadImg(src) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = src; // onload监听图片加载完成 img.onload = function () { resolve(img); }; // onerror监听图片加载失败 img.onerror = function (err) { reject(err); }; }); } function showImgs(imgs) { console.log(imgs); // [img, img, img] 三个img对象 imgs.forEach(function (img) { document.body.appendChild(img); }); } // Promise.all 把多个Promise实例当做一个Promise实例 // Promise.all(array).then(fn),array对应多个Promise实例,当所有实例状态发生改变时,新的Promise实例才会跟着发生变化 // Promise.all也是返回Promise实例,所以也有.then()方法 // 当三张图片都加载完成,才会执行showImgs,如果其中有图片正在加载,不会执行showImgs,页面上看不到任何一张图片 Promise.all([ loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2530513100.webp'), loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2529571873.webp'), loadImg('https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2395733377.webp') ]).then(showImgs); }Promise.race()
Example: One picture is added to the page after it is loaded, and the rest is ignored. Only the first picture to be loaded is displayed.
{ function loadImg(src) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = src; // onload监听图片加载完成 img.onload = function () { resolve(img); }; // onerror监听图片加载失败 img.onerror = function (err) { reject(err); }; }); } function showImgs(img) { let p = document.createElement('p'); p.appendChild(img); document.body.appendChild(p); } // 当某一张图片率先加载完成,执行showImgs显示这张图片,剩余图片不再响应 Promise.race([ loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2530513100.webp'), loadImg('https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2529571873.webp'), loadImg('https://img1.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2395733377.webp') ]).then(showImgs); }
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