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How to create a webSocket web chat room in Java (with code)

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Sep 19, 2018 pm 05:39 PM

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The content of this article is about how to create a webSocket web chat room in Java (with code). It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. What is webSocket

WebSocket is a network communication protocol and a persistence protocol. RFC6455 defines its communication standard.

WebSocket is a protocol for full-duplex communication on a single TCP connection that HTML5 began to provide.

2. Why use webSocket

Traditional web communication uses http technology. The http protocol is a stateless, connectionless, one-way application layer protocol. A request can only correspond to one response. Communication requests can only be issued by the client, and the server responds to the request. Therefore, the server is very passive in sending responses. This passive response is doomed to the fact that the server cannot proactively push responses to the client in a timely manner. If the server has continuous status changes, it will be very difficult for the client to obtain it. By frequently using asynchronous ajax to continuously obtain requests to implement long polling, this is particularly performance consuming and inefficient. (Keep shaking hands, or keep living for a long time).

And webSocket allows full-duplex communication between the server and the client. As long as the connection is established once, the connection can be maintained. Once a connection is established, both parties can communicate with each other without the need for multiple handshakes.

3. Implement WEB chat room

Add pom.xml and introduce jar package

<dependency>
      <groupId>javax</groupId>
         <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
         <version>7.0</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>

2. Create html and js file

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>在线聊天室</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./static/jquery-3.2.0.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div>
    <div><span>聊天室</span>
         <button class="btn btn-warning" onclick="doClose();">退出聊天</button>
    </div>
    <div><textarea class="form-control" style="width: 40%;" rows="3" id="contentInp"></textarea></div><hr/>
    <div><button class="btn btn-danger" onclick="doClear();">清空会话框</button></div>
    <div id="content">开始聊天<br/></div>
  </div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
   var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws/websocket"); //controller层url
   $(function(){
       $("#contentInp").keyup(function(evt){
           if(evt.which == 13){ //enter键发送消息
               var htm = $("#contentInp").val();
               doSend(htm);
               $("textarea").empty();
           }
       });
   })
   
   ws.onopen = function(){
       appendHtm("连接成功！");
   }
   
   // 从服务端接收到消息，将消息回显到聊天记录区
   ws.onmessage = function(evt){
       appendHtm(evt.data);
   }
   
   ws.onerror = function(){
       appendHtm("连接失败！");
   }
   
   ws.onclose = function(){
       appendHtm("连接关闭！");
   }
   
   function appendHtm(htm){
       ($("#content")[0]).innerHTML += htm +"<br/>" 
   }
   
   // 注销登录
   function doClose(){
       ws.close();
   }
   
   // 发送消息
   function doSend(htm){
      // ($("#content")[0]).innerHTML += htm +"<br/>" 
       ws.send(htm);
   }
   
   function doClear(){
       $("#content").empty();
   }
</script>
</html>

3.Backend java code

package controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnError;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;

@ServerEndpoint("/websocket")
public class WebScoketServer {

    private static Integer onlineNum = 0; //当前在线人数，线程必须设计成安全的
    private static CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebScoketServer> arraySet = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebScoketServer>(); //存放每一个客户的的WebScoketServer对象，线程安全
    private Session session;
    
    /**
     * 连接成功
     * @param session 会话信息
     */
    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(Session session) {
        this.session =session;
        arraySet.add(this);
        this.addOnlineNum();
        System.out.println("有一个新连接加入，当前在线 "+this.getOnLineNum()+" 人");
    }
    
    /**
     * 连接关闭
     */
    @OnClose
    public void onClose() {
        arraySet.remove(this);
        this.subOnlineNum();
        System.out.println("有一个连接断开，当前在线 "+this.getOnLineNum()+" 人");
    }
    
    /**
     * 连接错误
     * @param session
     * @param error
     */
    @OnError
    public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
        System.err.println("发生错误！");
        error.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    /**
     * 发送消息,不加注解，自己选择实现
     * @param msg
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void onSend(String msg) throws IOException {
        this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(msg);
    }
    
    /**
     * 收到客户端消息回调方法
     * @param session
     * @param msg
     */
    @OnMessage
    public void onMessage(Session session, String msg) {
        System.out.println("消息监控："+msg);
        for (WebScoketServer webScoketServer : arraySet) {
            try {
                webScoketServer.onSend(msg);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 增加一个在线人数
     */
    private synchronized void addOnlineNum() {
        onlineNum++;
    }
    
    /**
     * 减少一个在线人数
     */
    private synchronized void subOnlineNum() {
        onlineNum--;
    }
    
    private Integer getOnLineNum() {
        return onlineNum;
    }
}

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