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HomeWeb Front-endJS Tutorialjavascript关于继承解析_基础知识

上一篇已介绍了组合继承,现在讲讲剩余的几种继承。

原型式继承

调用一个函数,接收这个函数返回来的对象,这个对象的原型就是传入函数的参数对象。

如:

function  personObject(o){
    function F(){}
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}
var person = {
   name:"Nicholas",
   friends:["Shelby","Court","Van"]
}

var person_one = personObject(person);

从上面的代码中,我们知道person是person_one的原型。ES5中添加了一个方法规范化原型式继承,这个方法是Object.create(),这个方法有两个参数,第一个是作为新对象原型的对象,像上面的person,第二个是为新对象定义额外属性的对象。第二个参数可选。

如:

var person_one = Object.create(person, {
        name: {
            value:"Jon"
      }
});

当你只想让一个对象与另一个对象保持类似时,可以使用原型式继承。

寄生式继承   

在一个函数里实现一次原型式继承,然后为接收到的这个对象添加自己的属性与方法。

如:

function createAnother(o){
   var person_one = personObject(o);
   person_one.sayHi = function(){
       alert(" hi ");
   }
   return person_one;
}

寄生组合式继承

组合继承也有其缺点,它实现了两次属性继承,而寄生组合式继承就避免了这个问题。实例通过构造函数继承了属性,而原型的方法则是通过寄生式继承的方式来继承。

如:

function inherit(subType, superType){
   var prototype = Object(superType.prototype);
   prototype.constructor = subType;
   subType.prototype = prototype;
}

通过调用上面的函数,实现subTye.prototype的原型是superType.prototype,完成了原型方法的继承。

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