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What is canvas off-screen technology? How to achieve canvas magnifying glass effect?
- 不言Original
- 2018-08-31 11:57:522466browse
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Usingcanvas In addition to implementing filters, you can also use off-screen technologymagnifying glass function. For the convenience of explanation, this article is divided into 2 application parts:
Implementing watermark and center scaling
Implementing magnifying glass
1. What is off-screen technology?
Canvas learning and filter implementation have introduced the drawImage interface. In addition to drawing images, this interface can also: Draw a canvas object to another canvas object. This is off-screen technology.
2. Implement watermark and center scaling
In the code, there are two canvas tags. They are visible and invisible respectively. The Context object on the invisible canvas object is where we place the image watermark.
For more details, please see the code comments:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Learn Canvas</title>
<style>
canvas {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
border: 1px solid #222;
}
input {
display: block;
margin: 20px auto;
width: 800px
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<canvas id="my-canvas"></canvas>
<input type="range" value="1.0" min="0.5" max="3.0" step="0.1">
<canvas id="watermark-canvas" style="display: none;"></canvas>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function () {
var canvas = document.querySelector("#my-canvas")
var watermarkCanvas = document.querySelector("#watermark-canvas")
var slider = document.querySelector("input")
var scale = slider.value
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
var watermarkCtx = watermarkCanvas.getContext("2d")
/* 给第二个canvas获取的Context对象添加水印 */
watermarkCanvas.width = 300
watermarkCanvas.height = 100
watermarkCtx.font = "bold 20px Arial"
watermarkCtx.lineWidth = "1"
watermarkCtx.fillStyle = "rgba(255 , 255 , 255, 0.5)"
watermarkCtx.fillText("=== yuanxin.me ===", 50, 50)
/****************************************/
var img = new Image()
img.src = "./img/photo.jpg"
/* 加载图片后执行操作 */
img.onload = function () {
canvas.width = img.width;
canvas.height = img.height;
drawImageByScale(canvas, ctx, img, scale, watermarkCanvas);
// 监听input标签的mousemove事件
// 注意：mousemove实时监听值的变化，内存消耗较大
slider.onmousemove = function () {
scale = slider.value
drawImageByScale(canvas, ctx, img, scale, watermarkCanvas);
}
}
/******************/
}
/**
*
* @param {Object} canvas 画布对象
* @param {Object} ctx
* @param {Object} img
* @param {Number} scale 缩放比例
* @param {Object} watermark 水印对象
*/
function drawImageByScale(canvas, ctx, img, scale, watermark) {
// 图像按照比例进行缩放
var width = img.width * scale,
height = img.height * scale
// (dx, dy): 画布上绘制img的起始坐标
var dx = canvas.width / 2 - width / 2,
dy = canvas.height / 2 - height / 2
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height) // No1 清空画布
ctx.drawImage(img, dx, dy, width, height) // No2 重新绘制图像
if (watermark) {
// No3 判断是否有水印: 有, 绘制水印
ctx.drawImage(watermark, canvas.width - watermark.width, canvas.height - watermark.height)
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>The implementation effect is shown below:
Drag the slider to zoom in and out of the image. Then right click to save the image. The saved image will already have a watermark, as shown below:
3. Implement the magnifying glass
in the above On the basis of center zoom, the owner of the magnifying glass needs to pay attention to the following two parts:
Refined processing of
canvas's mouse response events: slide in, slide out, click and releaseRecalculate the off-screen coordinates (see the code comments for detailed formula calculation ideas)
Recalculate the mouse relative to the canvas label Coordinates (see code comments for detailed formula calculation ideas)
The code is as follows:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
canvas {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
border: 1px solid #222;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="my-canvas"></canvas>
<canvas id="off-canvas" style="display: none;"></canvas>
<script>
var isMouseDown = false,
scale = 1.0
var canvas = document.querySelector("#my-canvas")
var offCanvas = document.querySelector("#off-canvas") // 离屏 canvas
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d")
var offCtx = offCanvas.getContext("2d") // 离屏 canvas 的 Context对象
var img = new Image()
window.onload = function () {
img.src = "./img/photo.jpg"
img.onload = function () {
canvas.width = img.width
canvas.height = img.height
offCanvas.width = img.width
offCanvas.height = img.height
// 计算缩放比例
scale = offCanvas.width / canvas.width
// 初识状态下, 两个canvas均绘制Image
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
offCtx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
}
// 鼠标按下
canvas.onmousedown = function (event) {
event.preventDefault() // 禁用默认事件
var point = windowToCanvas(event.clientX, event.clientY) // 获取鼠标相对于 canvas 标签的坐标
isMouseDown = true
drawCanvasWithMagnifier(true, point) // 绘制在离屏canvas上绘制放大后的图像
}
// 鼠标移动
canvas.onmousemove = function (event) {
event.preventDefault() // 禁用默认事件
if (isMouseDown === true) {
var point = windowToCanvas(event.clientX, event.clientY)
drawCanvasWithMagnifier(true, point)
}
}
// 鼠标松开
canvas.onmouseup = function (event) {
event.preventDefault() // 禁用默认事件
isMouseDown = false
drawCanvasWithMagnifier(false) // 不绘制离屏放大镜
}
// 鼠标移出canvas标签
canvas.onmouseout = function (event) {
event.preventDefault() // 禁用默认事件
isMouseDown = false
drawCanvasWithMagnifier(false) // 不绘制离屏放大镜
}
}
/**
* 返回鼠标相对于canvas左上角的坐标
* @param {Number} x 鼠标的屏幕坐标x
* @param {Number} y 鼠标的屏幕坐标y
*/
function windowToCanvas(x, y) {
var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect() // bbox中存储的是canvas相对于屏幕的坐标
return {
x: x - bbox.x,
y: y - bbox.y
}
}
function drawCanvasWithMagnifier(isShow, point) {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height) // 清空画布
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height) // 在画布上绘制图像
/* 利用离屏，绘制放大镜 */
if (isShow) {
var { x, y } = point
var mr = 50 // 正方形放大镜边长
// (sx, sy): 待放大图像的开始坐标
var sx = x - mr / 2,
sy = y - mr / 2
// (dx, dy): 已放大图像的开始坐标
var dx = x - mr,
dy = y - mr
// 将offCanvas上的(sx,sy)开始的长宽均为mr的正方形区域
// 放大到
// canvas上的(dx,dy)开始的长宽均为 2 * mr 的正方形可视区域
// 由此实现放大效果
ctx.drawImage(offCanvas, sx, sy, mr, mr, dx, dy, 2 * mr, 2 * mr)
}
/*********************/
}
</script>
</body>
</html>The magnifying glass effect is as shown below (the area marked by the red pen is our Square magnifying glass):
Related recommendations:
[HTML5]Canvas achieves magnifying glass effect
html canvas implements screen capture
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