Home > Article > Web Front-end > How to handle spaces in CSS (example)
The content of this article is about how to process spaces in CSS (examples). It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to you.
1. Space rules
Spaces in HTML code are usually ignored by browsers.
<p>◡◡hello◡◡world◡◡</p>
The above is a line of HTML code, with two spaces each in the front, inside and back of the text. For ease of identification, the semicircular symbol ◡
is used here to represent spaces.
The browser output is as follows.
hello world
As you can see, the spaces at the front and back of the text will be ignored, and the consecutive spaces inside will only be counted as one. This is the basic rule for browsers to handle spaces.
If you want the spaces to be output as they are, you can use the e03b848252eb9375d56be284e690e873
tag.
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">◡◡hello◡◡world◡◡
An alternative is to use HTML entities
to represent spaces instead.
<p> hello world </p>
2. Space characters
HTML’s rules for processing spaces apply to a variety of characters. In addition to the normal space bar, it also includes tab characters (\t
) and newline characters (\r
and \n
).
The browser will automatically convert these symbols into ordinary space keys.
<p>hello world</p>
In the above code, the text contains a newline character, which is regarded as a space by the browser, and the output result is as follows.
hello world
So, line breaks within the text are invalid (unless the text is placed within the e03b848252eb9375d56be284e690e873
tag).
<p>hello<br>world</p>
The above code uses the 0c6dc11e160d3b678d68754cc175188a
tag to explicitly indicate line breaks.
3. The white-space attribute of CSS
The space processing in HTML language is basically direct filtering. Such processing is too crude and completely ignores the fact that the whitespace inside the original text may be meaningful.
CSS provides a white-space
attribute, which can provide a more precise way to handle spaces. This attribute has six values in total. In addition to a common inherit
(inheriting the parent element), the remaining five values are introduced below.
The default value of the white-space
attribute is normal
, indicating that the browser handles spaces in a normal manner.
<p>◡◡hellohellohello◡hello world </p>
In the above code, there are two spaces in front of the text, a long word and a newline character inside.
Then, the container e388a4556c0f65e1904146cc1a846bee
specifies a relatively small width. For easier identification, the background color is set to red.
p { width: 100px; background: red; }
The display effect is as shown below.
As you can see, the spaces at the beginning of the text are ignored. Because the container is too narrow, the first word overflows the container and wraps one space after it. Line breaks within the text are automatically converted to spaces.
white-space
When the attribute is nowrap
, line breaks will not occur due to exceeding the width of the container.
p { white-space: nowrap; }
The display effect is as shown below.
All text is displayed as one line without line breaks.
white-space
When the attribute is pre
, follow e03b848252eb9375d56be284e690e873
Label processing.
p { white-space: pre; }
The display effect is as shown below.
The above result is exactly the same as the original text, all spaces and newlines are preserved.
white-space
When the attribute is pre-wrap
, basically follow the c40d34a5c86389dc7905a61834a8c224
tag is processed in the same way. The only difference is that when the width of the container is exceeded, a line break will occur.
p { white-space: pre-wrap; }
The display effect is as shown below.
The spaces at the beginning of the text, internal spaces and newlines are all retained, and line breaks occur beyond the container.
white-space
When the attribute is pre-line
, it means to retain the newline character. Except for the newline character, which will be output as it is, everything else is consistent with the white-space:normal
rules.
p { white-space: pre-line; }
The display effect is as shown below.
Except that the line breaks inside the text are not converted into spaces, the others are consistent with the processing rules of normal
. This is useful for poetry type texts.
Recommended related articles:
div tag: implementation of horizontal centering and vertical centering (with code)
Code for string conversion using the text-transform attribute in CSS
The above is the detailed content of How to handle spaces in CSS (example). For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!