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Process analysis of how to build a react scaffolding based on webpack4

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2018-07-26 11:59:082519browse

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react-sample-javascript

React 16.0 boilerplate with react-router-dom, redux & webpack 4. (for javascript)
github project address

Project initialization

Unify and standardize code format

  1. Configuration.editorconfig Make the IDE method unified (see code)

  2. Configuration.eslintrc.js Make the code specifications unified (see code)

    Expected functions

  3. Manage resources: can load css, sccc, less, and static files

  4. Manage output: Output the packaged static files to the static directory and manage them according to their respective file types

  5. dev: Use source map to facilitate code positioning during debugging

  6. dev: Configure devServer, and configure hot replacement, hot loading, automatic refresh, automatically open the browser, and reserve proxyTable

  7. dev: Set to open 8080 by default. If it is occupied, look for the next empty interface

  8. production: code separation, packaging css files, css code compression, js code compression, output to template html, configure gzip

  9. analysis:: Use BundleAnalyzerPlugin to analyze the performance after packaging

    Directory structure

  • First use npm init to initialize a root directory containing package.json

:.
│  .babelrc             #babel的规则以及插件
│  .editorconfig        #IDE/编辑器相关的配置
│  .eslintignore        #Eslint忽视的目录
│  .eslintrc.js         #Eslint的规则和插件
│  .gitignore           #Git忽视的目录
│  .postcssrc.js        #postcss的插件
│  package-lock.json
│  package.json         #项目相关的包
│  README.md
│  yarn.lock
│
├─build                 #webpack相关的配置
│      utils.js         #webpack配置中的通用方法
│      webpack.base.conf.js #webpack的基础配置
│      webpack.dev.conf.js  #webpack的开发环境配置
│      webpack.prod.conf.js #webpack的生产环境配置
│
└─src                   #主目录,业务代码
    │  app.css
    │  App.js
    │  favicon.ico
    │  index.ejs
    │  index.js
    │
    └─assets            #静态目录,存放静态资源
        │  config.json
        │
        └─img
                logo.svg

Install dependencies

  • eslint -loader

  • eslint

  • eslint-config-airbnb

  • eslint-plugin-import

  • eslint-friendly-formatter

  • eslint-plugin-flowtype

  • eslint-plugin-jsx -a11y

  • eslint-plugin-react

  • ##babel-polyfill

  • webpack

  • jest

  • friendly-errors-webpack-plugin

    Webpack plug-in for compilation prompts

  • html-webpack-plugin

    Webpack plug-in for creating new html entry files

  • copy-webpack-plugin

    webpack configuration merge module

  • webpack-merge

    webpack configuration merge module

  • webpack-dev-server

  • webpack-bundle-analyzer

  • webpack-cli

  • portfinder Plug-in to find the interface

  • extract-text-webpack-plugin

  • node-notifier

  • ##optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin
  • autoprefixer
  • mini-css-extract-plugin
  • autoprefixer
  • css-loader
  • less-loader
  • postcss-loader
  • postcss-import
  • postcss-loader
  • style-loader
  • ##babel-core
  • babel-eslint
  • babel-loader
  • ##babel-plugin-transform-runtime

  • babel-plugin-import

  • babel-preset-env

  • babel-preset-react

  • babel-polyfill

  • url-loader

  • ##cross-env

  • file-loader

  • yarn add eslint eslint-loader eslint-config-airbnb eslint-plugin-import eslint-friendly-formatter eslint-plugin-flowtype eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y eslint-plugin-react babel-polyfill webpack jest webpack-merge copy-webpack-plugin html-webpack-plugin friendly-errors-webpack-plugin webpack-dev-server webpack-bundle-analyzer webpack-cli portfinder extract-text-webpack-plugin node-notifier optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin autoprefixer mini-css-extract-plugin autoprefixer css-loader less-loader postcss-loader postcss-import postcss-loader style-loader babel-core babel-eslint babel-loader babel-plugin-transform-runtime babel-plugin-import babel-preset-env babel-preset-react babel-polyfill url-loader cross-env file-loader -D
  • Project configuration

    webpack basic configuration

In order to control the development environment and production environment, we can create a new build folder. Writing the webpack configuration files for the development environment and the production environment separately makes it easier for us to control the production environment and development environment separately.

  1. In order to improve the code reuse rate, and to distinguish

    basic configuration

    and
  2. personalized configuration
  3. , you can create new

    webpack.base separately , webpack.dev and webpack.prod three configuration files. First configure the most basic entry and output.

    module.exports = {
      context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),  //绝对路径。__dirname为当前目录。
        //基础目录用于从配置中解析入口起点。因为webpack配置在build下,所以传入 '../'
      entry: {
        app: ('./src/index.js') //项目的入口
      },
      output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
        filename: '[name].[hash:8].js',
        publicPath: '/',
        libraryTarget: 'umd',
      },
    }
    entry

    entry can be string, array and object respectively.
If the application has only a single entry, the value of entry can be of any type and will not affect the output result.

// entry为字符串
{
    entry: './src/index.js',
    output: {
        path: '/dist',
        filename: 'bundle.js'
    }
}
// 结果会生成 '/dist/bundle.js'
// entry为数组,可以添加多个彼此不互相依赖的文件。结合output.library选项,如果传入数组,则只导出最后一项。
{
    //如果你在html文件里引入了'bable-polyfill',可以通过数组将它加到bundle.js的最后。
    entry: ['./src/index.js', 'babel-polyfill'] ,
    output:{
        path: '/dist',
        filename: 'bundle.js'
    }
}
// entry为对象,可以将页面配置为多页面的而不是SPA,有多个html文件。通过对象告诉webpack为每个入口,成一个bundle文件。
// 多页面的配置,可能还要借助于HtmlWebpackPlugin,来指定每个html需要引入的js
{
    entry: {
        index: './src/index.js'
        main: './src/index.js'
        login: './src/login.js'
    }
    output:{
        path: '/dist/pages'
        filename: '[name]-[hash:5].js' //文件名取自'entry'对象的键名,为了防止推送代码后浏览器读缓存,故再生成的文件之后加上hash码。
    }
}
// 会分别生成index.js,main.js,login.js三个文件

Regarding building multiple pages with webpack, you can refer to this article. However, now webpack4.x is also a cliff-edge upgrade. Interested students can search for it by themselves.

// entry也可以传入混合类型
{
    entry:{
        vendor: ['jquery','amap','babel-polyfill'] //也可以借助CommonsChunkPlugin提取vendor的chunk。
        index: './src/index.js'
    }
    output: {
        path: '/dist'
        filename: '[name]-[hash:5].js'
    }
}

CommonsChunkPlugin was removed after webpack 4.0, you can use splitChunksPlugin instead.

output

The two most basic configurations of output are

path

and

filename

:

path

Tell webpack where the output directory is. Generally we will set the
    dist
  • folder in the root directory;

    filename

    Used to specify the file name of the output file. If multiple separate
  • chunk
  • are configured, you can use placeholders like

    [name].[hash] to ensure that each Each file has a unique name;

  • 另一个常见配置 publicPath 则是用于更加复杂的场景。举例:在本地时,你可能会使用 ../assets/test.png 这种url来载入图片。而在生产环境下,你可能会使用CDN或者图床的地址。那么就需要配置 publicPath = "http://cdn.example.com/assets/" 来实现生产模式下编译输出文件时自动更新url。

 output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
    filename: '[name].[hash:8].js',
    publicPath: '/',
  },

resolve

resolve常用的两个配置为 aliasextensions

  • alias 创建import或者require的别名

  • extensins 自动解析文件拓展名,补全文件后缀

resolve: {
    // 自动解析文件扩展名(补全文件后缀)(从左->右)
    // import hello from './hello'  (!hello.js? -> !hello.jsx? -> !hello.json)
    extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.json'],
    alias: {
      '@': resolve('src')
    }
  },

module

module的选项决定了如何处理项目中的不同类型的模块。其中常用的有 rulesnoParese 两个配置项。

  • noParese 是为了防止weback解析与所有与rule相匹配的文件。目的是,忽略大型的library可以提高构建性能。

noParse: function(content) {
  return /jquery|lodash/.test(content);
}
  • rules 用于在创建模块是,匹配规则数组,以确定哪些规则能够对module应用loader,或者是修改parser。

module: {
    rules: [
    {
        test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        enforce: 'pre',
        use: [{
          loader: 'babel-loader',
        }, {
          loader: 'eslint-loader', // 指定启用eslint-loader
          options: {
            formatter: require('eslint-friendly-formatter'),
            emitWarning: false
          }
        }]
      },
    {
        test: /\.css$/,
        include: /node_modules/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          'css-loader',
          {
            loader: 'postcss-loader',
            options: {
              plugins: () => [autoprefixer({ browsers: 'last 5 versions' })],
              sourceMap: false,
            },
          },
        ],
      },
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
        loader: 'url-loader',
        options: {
          limit: 10000,
          name: ('assets/img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
        }
      },
      {
        test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/,
        loader: 'url-loader',
        options: {
          limit: 10000,
          name: ('assets/media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
        }
      },
      {
        test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
        loader: 'url-loader',
        options: {
          limit: 10000,
          name: ('assets/fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
        }
      }
    ]
    }

例如上述代码,就使用eslint-lodaerbabel-loader 处理了除了node_modules 以外的 js||jsx。同时配置了,解析图片、视频、字体文件等的解析,当rules匹配到的文件时,小于10000 byte 时,采用url-loader解析文件。(因为base64会让图片的体积变大,所以当文件较大时,使用base64并不明智)

Webpack开发配置

因为在webpack 4.X 中使用了流行的 ”约定大于配置“ 的做法,所以在新加入配置项 mode ,可以告知webpack使用相应模式的内置优化。

选项 描述
development 会将process.env.NODE_ENV 的值设为 development 。启用NamedChunksPluginNamedMoudulesPlugin
production 会将process.env.NODE_ENV 的值设为 production 。启用FlagDependencyUsagePluginFlagIncludedChunksPluginModuleConcatenationPluginNoEmitOnErrorsPluginOccurrenceOrderPluginSideEffectsFlagPluginUglifyJsPlugin

如果我们只设置NODE_ENV,则不会自动设置 mode

在开发时,我们往往希望能看到当前开发的页面,并且能热加载。这时,我们可以借助webpack-dev-server 这个插件,来在项目中起一个应用服务器。

// package.json
"scripts": {
    "start": "webpack-dev-server --mode development --config build/webpack.dev.conf.js",
}
// 设置当前的mode为development,同样这个配置也可以写在webpack.dev.conf.js中。然后使用build目录下的webpack.dev.conf.js 来配置相关的webpack。
devServer: {
    clientLogLevel: 'warning',
    historyApiFallback: true, //在开发单页应用时非常有用,它依赖于HTML5 history API,如果设置为true,所有的跳转将指向index.html
    contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, '../src'),
    compress: true,
    hot: true, // 热加载
    inline: true, //自动刷新
    open: true, //自动打开浏览器
    host: HOST||'localhost',
    port: PORT,
    overlay: { warnings: false, errors: true }, // 在浏览器上全屏显示编译的errors或warnings。
    publicPath: '/',
    proxy: {},
    quiet: true, // necessary for FriendlyErrorsPlugin // 终端输出的只有初始启动信息。 webpack 的警告和错误是不输出到终端的
    watchOptions: {
      poll: false
    }
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      ...process.env
    }),
    //开启HMR(热替换功能,替换更新部分,不重载页面!)
    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),// HMR shows correct file names in console on update.
    //显示模块相对路径
    new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
    //不显示错误信息
    new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(),
    // https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
    ]

其实在开发时,我们可以设置 contentBase: '/src'contentBase 指定了devServer能访问的资源地址。因为我们开发时,资源大部分都放在src目录下,所以可以直接指定资源路径为src目录。因为我们在webpack基础配置时,配置了 output 输出为 dist 目录,所以我们也可以在devServer里,设置 contentBasedist 目录。不过此时需要使用copyWebpackPlugin将一些静态资源复制到 dist 目录下,手动新建dist目录,并复制也可以。

另外,当使用 history 路由时,要配置 historyApiFallback = true ,以此让服务器放弃路由权限,交由前端路由。而是用 hash 路由则不需要此配置。

项目进阶

生产环境配置

在使用webpack 4.x 的 mode 配置之后,需要我们手动配置的项已经减少了很多,像js代码压缩这种工具 UglifyJsPlugin 就已经不用手动去配置。但是像很多前面提到的 代码分离css代码提取和压缩html的生成 以及 复制静态资源 还需要我们手动配置。

代码分离

// 设置代码分离的输出目录
output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
    filename: ('js/[name].[hash:8].js'),
    chunkFilename: ('js/[name]-[id].[hash:8].js')
  },
 // 代码分离
 optimization: {
    runtimeChunk: {
      name: "manifest"
    },
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: 'all'
    }
  },

css代码压缩

借助 MiniCssExtractPlugin 来实现压缩css和提取css。因为 MiniCssExtractPlugin 无法与style-loader 共存,所以我们需要判断当前环境是生成环境还是开发环境。

我们可以新建一个util.js的文件,在webpack当中一些共用的方法。考虑使用个别配置字段 extract 来配置使用何种方式来配置css-loader。参见 util.js 代码。

new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: 'css/[name].[hash:8].css',
      chunkFilename: 'css/[name]-[id].[hash:8].css',
    }),

生成HTML

使用htmlWebpackPlugin,配合ejs。可以使控制html 的生成。通过配置的方式,生成html。因为 HtmlWebpackPlugin 本身可以解析ejs,所以不需要单独引入ejs的loader。

new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'index.html',
      template: './src/index.ejs', // 设置目录
      title: 'React Demo',
      inject: true, // true->'head' || false->'body'
      minify: {
        //删除Html注释
        removeComments: true,
        //去除空格
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        //去除属性引号
        removeAttributeQuotes: true
        // more options:
        // https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference
      },
      // necessary to consistently work with multiple chunks via CommonsChunkPlugin
      chunksSortMode: 'dependency'
    }),
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">

  <title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
  <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">

  <% for (var chunk in htmlWebpackPlugin.files.css) { %>
  <link rel="preload" href="<%= htmlWebpackPlugin.files.css[chunk] %>"  as="style">
  <% } %>
  <% for (var chunk in htmlWebpackPlugin.files.chunks) { %>
  <link rel="preload" href="<%= htmlWebpackPlugin.files.chunks[chunk].entry %>" as="script">
  <% } %>

  <base href="/">
</head>
<body>
<p id="root"></p>
</body>
<style type="text/css">
  body {
    font-family: &#39;Source Sans Pro&#39;,&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
  }
</style>
</html>

复制静态目录

将所以可能被请求的静态文件,分别放在assets目录下。那么在打包后,为了保证目录能正常访问(不使用CDN等加载静态资源时),我们可以配置 publicPath = '/' 。然后借助于 CopyWebpackPlugin 实现资源复制。

new CopyWebpackPlugin([{
      from: &#39;./src/assets/&#39;,
      to: &#39;assets&#39;
    }]),

src/assets 复制到 dist/assets 目录下

开启打包分析

借助插件 BundleAnalyzerPlugin 直接在plugins中创建该插件:

// webpack.prod.conf.js
const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = process.env.NODE_ENV=== &#39;analysis&#39; ? require(&#39;webpack-bundle-analyzer&#39;).BundleAnalyzerPlugin:null
process.env.NODE_ENV=== &#39;analysis&#39; ? new BundleAnalyzerPlugin() : ()=>{}

在package.json 中可做如下配置:

"scripts": {
    "analysis": "cross-env NODE_ENV=analysis webpack -p --mode production --progress --config ./build/webpack.prod.conf.js ",
  },

通过注入环境变量,来控制是否运行打包分析。

ssh部署

打包后的dist文件夹,可以直接借助 node 的 ssh-node ,直接部署到服务器指定的目录下。 ssh-node既支持ssh,也支持密码登录。建议可以为在每个项目下,新建一个.ssh文件,存放项目的私钥。代码如下:

// usage: https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-ssh
var path, node_ssh, ssh, fs, opn, host

fs = require(&#39;fs&#39;)
path = require(&#39;path&#39;)
node_ssh = require(&#39;node-ssh&#39;)
opn = new require(&#39;opn&#39;)
ssh = new node_ssh()
host = &#39;localhost&#39;
var localDir = &#39;./dist&#39;
var remoteDir = &#39;/opt/frontend/new&#39;
var removeCommand = &#39;rm -rf ./*&#39;
var pwdCommand = &#39;pwd&#39;

ssh.connect({
  host: host,
  username: &#39;root&#39;,
  port: 22,
  // password,
  privateKey: "./.ssh/id_rsa",
})
  .then(function() {
    ssh.execCommand(removeCommand, { cwd:remoteDir }).then(function(result) {
      console.log(&#39;STDOUT: &#39; + result.stdout)
      console.log(&#39;STDERR: &#39; + result.stderr)
      ssh.putDirectory(localDir, remoteDir).then(function() {
        console.log("The File thing is done")
        ssh.dispose()
        opn(&#39;http://&#39;+host, {app:[&#39;chrome&#39;]})
      }, function(error) {
        console.log("Something&#39;s wrong")
        console.log(error)
        ssh.dispose()
      })
    })
  })

此时,在命令行直接 node deploy.js 就可以运行以上脚本,我们也可以添加一个build + deploy的script脚本,便于启动。

"scripts": {
    "depoly": "npm run build && node ./deploy.js",
}

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简单搭建一个react项目

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