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之前用c实现的通用链表, 将链表的data域从具体类型转变为 void*指针 ,用c实现时费力气的是指针的赋值和也要做到通用的打印
链接:c实现的通用的双向链表现在用c++重新实现,思想大都一致:
不采用模板类,而采用虚函数实现多态性,达到通用的目的,data域不存储任何跟类型有关的信息,而是指针,将数据放于抽象类中,由指针与之建立联系。
链表有头指针 尾指针,以及之后的一系列插入删除打印操作,这些函数都写在链表类中。
链表指针类型为 链表结点类,结点的指针域和 data域,都是指针类型,data域 指向一个抽象类 object对象 。
object类是一个抽象类,当需要链表存放整型数据,就具体实现一个存放整型的子类去继承这个类,必须实现抽象类中的虚函数,以打印函数为例, 每一个不同数据类型的子类都得有自己的打印函数,而object 不关心如何打印。
class intobject :public Object { public: intobject(int d = 0) :data(d) {} ~intobject() {} void Print()const { cout << data << "-->"; } private: int data; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class strobject :public Object { public: strobject(char *str) { if (str == NULL) { data = new char[1]; data[0] = '\0'; } else { data = new char[strlen(str) + 1]; strcpy(data, str); } } ~strobject() {} void Print()const { cout << "\"" << data << "\"" << "-->"; } private: char * data; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class floatobject :public Object { public: floatobject(float d = 0) :data(d) {} ~floatobject() {} void Print()const { cout << data << "-->"; } private: float data; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void main() { list mylist; for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { intobject *pi = new intobject(i); mylist.push_back(pi); } mylist.printlist(); char* arr[5] = { "affd", "fdas", "fdfss", "ere", "qret" }; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { strobject*ps = new strobject(arr[i]); mylist.push_back(ps); } mylist.printlist(); float brr[5] = { 0.34, 54.32, 0.53, 43.2, 5.878 }; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { floatobject*ps = new floatobject(brr[i]); mylist.push_back(ps); } mylist.printlist(); }
链表的释放:
class Object { public: Object() {} virtual ~Object()//因为是虚函数,调动父类析构的 同时 调动子类的析构 {} ////定义接口 通用的打印 virtual void Print()const = 0;//纯虚函数 子类继承了之后必须实现打印函数 }; class list; class listnode { friend class list; public: listnode() { data = NULL; next = NULL; } listnode(Object *pobj) { data = pobj; next = NULL; } ~listnode() { delete data; next = NULL; } private: Object *data; listnode *next; }; class list { public: list() { head = tail = new listnode; } ~list() { listnode *delp = head->next; while (delp!= tail) { head->next = delp->next; delete delp; delp = head->next; } delete head; head = tail = NULL; } void push_back(Object *pb)//尾插 { listnode *s = new listnode(pb); assert(s != NULL); tail->next = s; tail = s; } void printlist()const { listnode *p = head->next; while (p != NULL) { p->data->Print(); p = p->next; } cout << "NULL" << endl; } private: listnode *head; listnode *tail; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class intobject :public Object { public: intobject(int d = 0) :data(d) {} ~intobject() { cout << "delete int" << endl; } void Print()const { cout << data << "-->"; } private: int data; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class strobject :public Object { public: strobject(char *str) { if (str == NULL) { data = new char[1]; data[0] = '\0'; } else { data = new char[strlen(str) + 1]; strcpy(data, str); } } ~strobject() { cout << "delete string" << endl; delete []data; data = NULL; } void Print()const { cout << "\"" << data << "\"" << "-->"; } private: char * data; };
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